Isingeniso Sesitifiketi SokuSebenzisa Amandla,
Isingeniso Sesitifiketi SokuSebenzisa Amandla,

▍Siyini isitifiketi se-CE?

Umaki we-CE “ipasipoti” yemikhiqizo ezongena emakethe ye-EU kanye nemakethe yamazwe e-EU Free Trade Association. Noma yimiphi imikhiqizo eshiwo (ehileleke kumyalelo wendlela entsha), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yenziwe ngaphandle kwe-EU noma emazweni angamalungu e-EU, ukuze isakazwe ngokukhululekile emakethe ye-EU, kufanele ihambisane nezidingo zomyalelo kanye nezindinganiso ezifanele ezivunyelanisiwe ngaphambi kokuba ibekwe emakethe ye-EU , futhi inamathisele uphawu lwe-CE. Lena imfuneko eyisibopho yomthetho we-EU emikhiqizweni ehlobene, ehlinzeka ngezinga elibumbene eliphansi lobuchwepheshe lohwebo lwemikhiqizo yamazwe ahlukahlukene emakethe yaseYurophu futhi yenza izinqubo zohwebo zibe lula.

▍ Yini i-CE directive?

Umyalelo uyidokhumenti yomthetho esungulwe yi-European Community Council kanye ne-European Commission ngaphansi kokugunyazwa kweIsivumelwano Somphakathi WaseYurophu. Iziqondiso ezisebenzayo zamabhethri yilezi:

2006/66 / EC & 2013/56 / EU: I-Battery Directive. Amabhethri athobelana nalesi siqondiso kufanele abe nekani likadoti;

2014/30 / EU: I-Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (I-EMC Directive). Amabhethri athobela lo myalelo kumele abe nophawu lwe-CE;

2011/65 / EU: Isiqondiso se-ROHS. Amabhethri athobela lo myalelo kumele abe nophawu lwe-CE;

Amathiphu: Kuphela uma umkhiqizo uhambisana nazo zonke iziqondiso ze-CE (umaki we-CE udinga ukunamathiselwa), umaki we-CE unganamathiselwa lapho zonke izimfuneko zomyalelo zifinyelelwa.

▍ Isidingo Sokufaka Isicelo Sokuthola Isitifiketi Se-CE

Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ovela emazweni ahlukene ofuna ukungena e-EU kanye ne-European Free Trade Zone kufanele ufake isicelo sokuqinisekiswa kwe-CE kanye nokumakwa kwe-CE emkhiqizweni. Ngakho-ke, isitifiketi se-CE siyipasipoti yemikhiqizo engena e-EU kanye ne-European Free Trade Zone.

▍ Izinzuzo zokufaka isicelo sesitifiketi se-CE

1. Imithetho ye-EU, imithethonqubo, kanye nezindinganiso zokuxhumanisa akukona nje kuphela ukuthi kukhulu ngobuningi, kodwa futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqukethwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola isitifiketi se-CE kuyisinqumo esihlakaniphe kakhulu ukonga isikhathi nomzamo kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi;

2. Isitifiketi se-CE singasiza ekuzuzeni ukwethenjwa kwabathengi kanye nesikhungo sokuqondisa izimakethe ngokwezinga eliphezulu;

3. Kungavimbela ngempumelelo isimo sezinsolo zokungabi nasibopho;

4. Lapho kuqulwa icala, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CE kuzoba ubufakazi obusemthethweni obusemthethweni;

5. Uma isijezisiwe amazwe e-EU, inhlangano yezitifiketi izobhekana ngokuhlanganyela ubungozi nebhizinisi, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ubungozi bebhizinisi.

▍Kungani i-MCM?

● I-MCM inethimba lezobuchwepheshe elinochwepheshe abafika kwabangaphezu kuka-20 ababambe iqhaza emkhakheni wesitifiketi se-CE sebhethri, esihlinzeka amakhasimende ngolwazi olusheshayo nolunembe kakhudlwana nolwakamuva lwesitifiketi se-CE;

● I-MCM inikeza izixazululo ezihlukahlukene ze-CE ezihlanganisa i-LVD, i-EMC, iziqondiso zebhethri, njll. kumakhasimende;

● I-MCM ihlinzeke ngokuhlolwa kwe-CE kwamabhethri angaphezu kuka-4000 emhlabeni wonke kuze kube namuhla.

Imishini yasekhaya namadivayisi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukonga kwamandla ezweni. Uhulumeni uzosungula futhi aqalise uhlelo oluphelele lwamandla kagesi, lapho ebiza ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinto zikagesi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukonga ugesi, ukuze kuncishiswe ukwanda kwezidingo zamandla kagesi, futhi kunganciki kakhulu emandleni kaphethroli. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula imithetho efanele evela e-United States naseCanada. Ngokwemithetho, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, isifudumezi samanzi, isifudumezi, isifudumezi-moya, izibani, imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, izinto zokupholisa kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezohwebo noma yezimboni ihlanganiswa nohlelo lokulawula ukonga kwamandla. Phakathi kwalokhu, imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi iqukethe isistimu yokushaja ibhethri, njenge-BCS, i-UPS, i-EPS noma ishaja engu-3C. I-CEC (Ikomidi Lamandla LaseCalifornia) Isitifiketi Sokusebenza Ngokusebenza Kwamandla: Singokwesikimu sezinga lesifundazwe. I-California iyizwe lokuqala ukumisa indinganiso yokusebenzisa amandla kahle (1974). I-CEC inenqubo yayo ejwayelekile kanye neyokuhlola. Iphinde ilawule i-BCS, i-UPS, i-EPS, njll. Ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla e-BCS, kunezidingo ezijwayelekile ezingu-2 ezihlukene nezinqubo zokuhlola, ezihlukaniswa ngezinga lamandla elingaphezu kuka-2k Watts noma elingekho ngaphezu kuka-2k Watts.DOE (Umnyango Wezamandla wase-United States): Umthethonqubo wokunikeza izitifiketi we-DOE uqukethe i-10 CFR 429 kanye ne-10 CFR 439, emele Intwana 429 kanye ne-430 ku-Article ye-10 yeKhodi Yomthethonqubo Wombuso. Imigomo ilawula izinga lokuhlola lesistimu yokushaja ibhethri, okuhlanganisa i-BCS, i-UPS ne-EPS. Ngo-1975, uMthetho Wenqubomgomo Yamandla Nokugcinwa Kwempahla ka-1975 (EPCA) wakhishwa, futhi i-DOE yashaya indinganiso kanye nendlela yokuhlola. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-DOE njengohlelo lwezinga lombuso, lungaphambi kwe-CEC, okuwukulawula kuphela izinga lombuso. Njengoba imikhiqizo ihambisana ne-DOE, khona-ke ingathengiswa noma kuphi e-USA, kuyilapho isitifiketi ku-CEC kuphela esingamukelwa kabanzi.