Isifunda esifushane sangaphandle ekamelweni
Isifunda esifushane sangaphandle ekamelweni,
isitifiketi se-bsmi,
▍Siyini Isimemezelo se-GOST-R?
I-GOST-R Declaration of Conformity idokhumenti yesimemezelo sokufakazela ukuthi izimpahla ziyahambisana nemithetho yezokuphepha yaseRussia. Lapho Umthetho Wesevisi Yomkhiqizo Nesitifiketi ukhishwa yi-Russian Federation ngo-1995, uhlelo oluyimpoqo lokunikeza isitifiketi lomkhiqizo lwaqala ukusebenza e-Russia. Kudinga ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ethengiswa emakethe yaseRussia iphrintwe ngophawu lwesitifiketi oluyisibopho se-GOST.
Njengenye yezindlela zesitifiketi sokuvumelana esiyisibopho, i-Gost-R Declaration of Conformity isekelwe emibikweni yokuhlola noma ukuqinisekiswa kwesistimu yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Declaration of Conformity inesici sokuthi ingakhishelwa kuphela inhlangano esemthethweni yaseRussia okusho ukuthi umfakisicelo (umnikazi) wesitifiketi angaba yinkampani yaseRussia ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kuphela noma ihhovisi langaphandle elibhaliswe eRussia.
▍I-GOST-R Uhlobo Lwesimemezelo Nokufaneleka
1. SingleShipmentCqinisekisa
Isitifiketi sokuthunyelwa esisodwa sisebenza kuphela kuqoqo elithile, umkhiqizo oshiwo oshiwo kunkontileka. Ulwazi oluqondile lungaphansi kokulawulwa ngokuqinile, njengegama lento, inani, ukucaciswa, inkontileka kanye neklayenti lesiRashiya.
2. Cisitifiketie ngobuqiniso beunyaka owodwa
Uma umkhiqizo usunikezwe isitifiketi, abakhiqizi bangathumela imikhiqizo eRussia kungakapheli unyaka ongu-1 ngaphandle komkhawulo wezikhathi zokuthunyelwa kanye nenani kumakhasimende athile.
3. Cqinisekisa ngobuqiniso beiminyaka emithathu/emihlanu
Uma umkhiqizo usunikezwe isitifiketi, abakhiqizi bangathumela imikhiqizo eRussia phakathi neminyaka emi-3 noma emi-5 ngaphandle komkhawulo wezikhathi zokuthunyelwa kanye nenani kumakhasimende athile.
▍Kungani i-MCM?
●I-MCM ineqembu lonjiniyela lokufunda imithetho yakamuva yesi-Russian, iqinisekisa ukuthi izindaba zakamuva zesitifiketi se-GOST-R zingabiwa ngokunembile nangesikhathi namakhasimende.
●I-MCM yakha ukubambisana okuseduze nendawo yasendaweni nenhlangano yezitifiketi eyasungulwa kudala, ehlinzeka ngesevisi yesitifiketi ezinzile nesebenzayo kumakhasimende.
▍ Yini i-EAC?
Ngokuvumelana neTheImibandela Ejwayelekile Ehlobene Nemithetho Yemithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe yase-Kazakhstan, Belarus kanye ne-Russian Federationokuyisivumelwano esisayinwe yi-Russia, Belarus kanye ne-Kazakhstan ngo-Okthoba 18 2010, iKomidi le-Customs Union lizozinikela ekwakheni izinga elifanayo kanye nemfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo. Isitifiketi esisodwa sisebenza emazweni amathathu, akha isitifiketi se-Russia-Belarus-Kazakhstan CU-TR esinophawu olufanayo lwe-EAC. Umthethonqubo uqale ukusebenza kancane kancane kusukela ngoFebhuwari 15th2013. Ngo-January 2015, i-Armenia ne-Kyrgyzstan yajoyina i-Customs Union.
▍ Uhlobo Lwesitifiketi Se-CU-TR Nokufaneleka
- SingleShipmentCqinisekisa
Isitifiketi sokuthunyelwa esisodwa sisebenza kuphela kuqoqo elithile, umkhiqizo oshiwo oshiwo kunkontileka. Ulwazi oluqondile lungaphansi kokulawulwa ngokuqinile, njengegama lento, inani, inkontileka yokucaciswa kanye neklayenti laseRussia. Lapho ufaka isicelo sesitifiketi, awekho amasampula acelwa ukuba anikezwe kodwa imibhalo nolwazi kuyadingeka.
- Cqinisekisangeubuqinisokweunyaka owodwa
Uma umkhiqizo usunikezwe isitifiketi, abakhiqizi bangathumela imikhiqizo eRussia kungakapheli unyaka ongu-1 ngaphandle komkhawulo wezikhathi zokuthunyelwa kanye nenani.
- Isitifiketi esinobuqiniso beezintathuunyakas
Uma umkhiqizo usunikezwe isitifiketi, abakhiqizi bangathumela imikhiqizo eRussia phakathi neminyaka emi-3 ngaphandle komkhawulo wezikhathi zokuthunyelwa kanye nenani.
- Isitifiketi esisebenza iminyaka emihlanu
Uma umkhiqizo usunikezwe isitifiketi, abakhiqizi bangathumela imikhiqizo eRussia phakathi neminyaka emi-5 ngaphandle komkhawulo wezikhathi zokuthunyelwa kanye nenani.
▍Kungani i-MCM?
●I-MCM ineqembu le-pf lonjiniyela abangochwepheshe ukuze bafunde imithetho yakamuva yezitifiketi zenyunyana yangokwezifiso, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngensizakalo yokulandela amaphrojekthi, iqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wamaklayenti ungena endaweni ngokushelela nangempumelelo.
●Izinsiza eziningi eziqoqwe ngomkhakha wamabhethri zenza i-MCM inikeze isevisi esebenza kahle nenezindleko eziphansi kuklayenti.
●I-MCM yakha ukubambisana okuseduze nezinhlangano zendawo ezifanele, iqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lwakamuva lwesitifiketi se-CU-TR lwabiwa ngokunembile nangesikhathi namakhasimende.
6.1 Isifunda esifushane sangaphandle ekamelweni
izinga lokushisa
Ngemuva kokuthi iseli lishajwe ngokugcwele ngokuhambisana
ngendlela yokuhlola eshiwo ku-4.5.1, indawo
endaweni engu-20 ℃
izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kweseli ukuze
ifinyelela ku-20 ℃
imizuzu. Bese uxhuma iphozithivu kanye
amatheminali angemuhle weseli anezintambo kanye
qiniseka ukuthi konke ukumelana kwangaphandle kungama-80
mΩ±20 mΩ.
Gada ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kweseli ngesikhathi
ukuhlolwa. Lapho enye yalezi ezimbili ezilandelayo
izimo zenzeka, ukuhlolwa kuqedwa:
a) Izinga lokushisa leseli lehla libe ngama-20%.
kunenani eliphakeme;
b) Isikhathi esifushane sifinyelela ku-24 h.
Iseli akufanele libambe umlilo noma liqhume futhi
izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu alidluli ku-150
C.
Qaphela, i-coefficient yokulandelela yegumbi lesiShayina ye
intambo ithi Xiaoping 5X10-1 ℃-1. Njenge
i-constantan wire, njll.
Kususwe “Isifunda esifushane sangaphandle
ekamelweni lokushisa “test.
6.2 Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu langaphandle isifunda esifushane
Ngemuva kokuthi iseli lishajwe ngokugcwele ngokusho kwe
indlela yokuhlola ecaciswe ku-4.5.1, ibeke ku-an
imvelo engu-55 ℃
izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kweseli lifinyelela ku-55 ℃
± 5 ℃
Bese uxhuma okuhle nokubi
amatheminali eseli ngocingo futhi uqinisekise
ukuthi konke ukumelana kwangaphandle kungu-80 mΩ±20
mΩ.
Gada ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kweseli ngesikhathi
ukuhlolwa. Lapho enye yalezi ezimbili ezilandelayo
izimo zenzeka, ukuhlolwa kuqedwa:
a) Izinga lokushisa leseli lehla libe ngama-20%.
kunenani eliphakeme;
b) Isikhathi esifushane sifinyelela ku-24 h. I
iseli akufanele libambe umlilo noma liqhume futhi
izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu alidluli ku-150 C.
Qaphela, i-coefficient yokulandelela yegumbi lesiShayina ye
intambo ithi Xiaoping 5X10-1 ℃-1. Njenge
i-constantan wire, njll.
Kushintshwe izinga lokushisa nenothi
6.1 I-short circuit yangaphandle enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa
Ngemuva kokushaja ngokugcwele iseli ngokusho kwe
indlela yokuhlola ecaciswe ku-4.5.1, ibeke ku-an
imvelo engu-57 ℃ ± 4 ℃. Ngemva kweseli
izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lifinyelela ku-57 ℃ ± 4 ℃,
yishiye eminye imizuzu engama-30.
Bese uxhuma okuhle nokubi
amatheminali ebhethri anezintambo, futhi uqinisekise
ukuthi konke ukumelana kwangaphandle kungu-80 mΩ±20
mΩ.
Gada ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri
ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Lapho enye yalezi ezimbili ezilandelayo
izimo zenzeka, ukuhlolwa kuqedwa:
a) Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kweseli kufinyelela ku-20%.
izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu;
b) Isikhathi esifushane sokujikeleza sifinyelela ku-24 h.
Uma kunengxabano, a) kanye b) khetha
eliqinile.
Ibhethri akufanele libambe umlilo noma
qhuma.
6.3 Imali engaphezulu
Ngemuva kokuthi iseli likhishwe ngokusho kwe
Kuchitshiyelwe izimfuneko ezimakwe ngokugqamile
6.2 Imali engaphezulu
