Ukulawulwa Okusha Kwamabhethri (Isiphakamiso se-EU)
OkushaAmabhethriUmthethonqubo (Isiphakamiso se-EU),
Amabhethri,
▍Iyini i-cTUVus & ne-ETL CERTIFICATION?
I-OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), exhumene ne-US DOL (Umnyango Wezabasebenzi), ifuna ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ezosetshenziswa emsebenzini kufanele ihlolwe futhi iqinisekiswe yi-NRTL ngaphambi kokuba idayiswe emakethe. Amazinga okuhlola asebenzayo ahlanganisa amazinga e-American National Standards Institute (ANSI); Amazinga e-American Society for Testing Material (ASTM), amazinga e-Underwriter Laboratory (UL), kanye namazinga enhlangano yokuqaphela mutual yefekthri.
▍OSHA, NRTL, cTUVus, ETL kanye nencazelo yamagama e-UL kanye nobudlelwano
OSHA:Isifinyezo Sokuphepha Kwasemsebenzini Nokuphathwa Kwezempilo. Kuyinhlangano ehlangene ye-US DOL (Umnyango Wezabasebenzi).
I-NRTL:Isifinyezo Selabhorethri Yokuhlola Eyaziwa Kuzwelonke. Iphethe ukugunyazwa kwelebhu. Kuze kube manje, kunezikhungo zokuhlola ezivela eceleni eziyi-18 ezigunyazwe yi-NRTL, okuhlanganisa i-TUV, ITS, MET njalonjalo.
cTUVus:Uphawu lwesitifiketi se-TUVRh eNyakatho Melika.
I-ETL:Isifinyezo se-American Electrical Testing Laboratory. Yasungulwa ngo-1896 ngu-Albert Einstein, umsunguli waseMelika.
UL:Ukulinganisa kwenkampani Underwriter Laboratories Inc.
▍Umehluko phakathi kwe-cTUVus, i-ETL ne-UL
| Into | UL | cTUVus | I-ETL |
| Kusetshenziswe okujwayelekile | Ngokufanayo | ||
| Isikhungo esifanelekile ukuthola irisidi yesitifiketi | I-NRTL (ilabhorethri egunyazwe kuzwelonke) | ||
| Imakethe esetshenziswayo | I-North America (US ne-Canada) | ||
| Isikhungo sokuhlola nezitifiketi | I-Underwriter Laboratory (China) Inc yenza ukuhlola futhi ikhiphe incwadi yesiphetho sephrojekthi | I-MCM yenza ukuhlola bese ikhipha isitifiketi se-TUV | I-MCM yenza ukuhlola bese ikhipha isitifiketi se-TUV |
| Isikhathi esiholayo | 5-12W | 2-3W | 2-3W |
| Izindleko zesicelo | Okuphezulu kontanga | Cishe u-50~60% wezindleko ze-UL | Cishe u-60~70% wezindleko ze-UL |
| Inzuzo | Isikhungo sendawo saseMelika esiqashelwa kahle e-US naseCanada | Isikhungo samazwe ngamazwe siphethe igunya futhi sinikeza amanani aphusile, futhi angaqashelwa yiNyakatho Melika | Isikhungo saseMelika esiqashelwa kahle eNyakatho Melika |
| Ububi |
| Ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo okungaphansi kwalokho kwe-UL | Ukuqashelwa okungaphansi kwalokho kwe-UL ekuqinisekisweni kwengxenye yomkhiqizo |
▍Kungani i-MCM?
● Ukusekelwa Okuthambile okuvela kuziqu nobuchwepheshe:Njengelebhu yokuhlola yofakazi ye-TUVRH kanye ne-ITS kusitifiketi saseNyakatho Melika, i-MCM iyakwazi ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokuhlola futhi inikeze isevisi engcono ngokushintshisana ngobuchwepheshe ubuso nobuso.
● Usekelo oluqinile oluvela kubuchwepheshe:I-MCM ifakwe zonke izinto zokuhlola amabhethri amaphrojekthi amakhulu, amancane futhi anembayo (okungukuthi imoto ephathwayo esebenza ngogesi, amandla okugcina, kanye nemikhiqizo yedijithali), ekwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhlola ibhethri kanye nezitifiketi eNyakatho Melika, ezihlanganisa izindinganiso. UL2580, UL1973, UL2271, UL1642, UL2054 njalonjalo.
IKhomishana iphakamise okushaAmabhethriUmthetho kanye Nezijobelelo ngomhlaka-10 Disemba 2020. I
okusalungiswa kwemithetho emisha kusekelwe ku-EU's Battery Directive 2006/66/EC. Izinjongo ze-
isiphakamiso sihlanganisa izici ezintathu: isethi evamile yemithetho yokuqinisekisa inkundla yokudlala, ngalokho
ukuqinisa imakethe yangaphakathi okuhlanganisa imikhiqizo, izinqubo, namabhethri alahlwayo, ukusebenza kwe
ibhethri nemikhiqizo egaywe kabusha; Ukukhuthazwa komnotho oyindilinga; Ukuncishiswa kwemvelo nenhlalo
imithelela kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo yebhethri.
Ikhomishana ihlongoza ukuqoqwa okuyisibopho nezimfuneko zokugaywa kabusha kwawo wonke amabhethri (isb
izimboni, ezezimoto, izimoto zikagesi neziphathwayo) ezibekwe emakethe ye-EU. Njenge:
1. Kumabhethri aphathekayo, inani lamanje lama-45% izinga lokuqoqwa kufanele likhuphuke lifike ku-65 % ngo-2025 futhi
70% ngo-2030. Wonke amabhethri aqoqiwe kufanele asetshenziswe kabusha futhi asetshenziswe kabusha, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-cobalt, i-lithium,
i-nickel, i-lead, njll.
2. Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Julayi 2024, amabhethri ezimoto zezimboni nekagesi kuphela ashajwa kabusha lapho i-carbon
isimemezelo sezinyawo sesisunguliwe, singabekwa emakethe
3. Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2026, imikhiqizo kufanele ifakwe ilebula ngokuya ngokusebenza kwekhabhoni
isigaba, ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuqonda ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, umthamo,
izindlela zokugaywa kabusha, izinto eziyingozi kanye nezingozi zokuphepha kwebhethri
