Ingemuva

Inkinga yamandla yenze ukuthi i-lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (ESS) isetshenziswe kabanzi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kodwa kube nenani lezingozi eziyingozi eziholela ekulimaleni kwezikhungo nemvelo, ukulahleka komnotho, ngisho nokulahlekelwa imbala. ukuphila. Uphenyo luthole ukuthi nakuba i-ESS ihlangabezane namazinga ahlobene namasistimu ebhethri, njenge-UL 9540 ne-UL 9540A, ukuhlukunyezwa kokushisa nemililo kwenzeke. Ngakho-ke, ukufunda izifundo ezimweni ezedlule nokuhlaziya ubungozi kanye nezinyathelo zabo zokuphikisa kuzozuzisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-ESS.

Ukubuyekezwa kwamacala

Okulandelayo kufingqa izehlakalo zezingozi ze-ESS enkulu emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2019 kuze kube manje, ezibikwe esidlangalaleni.

Izimbangela zalezi zingozi ezingenhla zingafingqwa ngalezi ezilandelayo:

I-1) Ukwehluleka kweseli yangaphakathi kubangela ukuhlukunyezwa okushisayo kwebhethri nemojula, futhi ekugcineni kubangela ukuthi yonke i-ESS ibambe umlilo noma iqhume.

Ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa okushisayo kweseli kubonwa ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi umlilo olandelwa ukuqhuma. Isibonelo, izingozi zesiteshi sikagesi iMcMicken e-Arizona, e-USA ngo-2019 kanye nesiteshi sikagesi i-Fengtai e-Beijing, e-China ngo-2021 zombili zaqhuma ngemva komlilo. Into enjalo ibangelwa ukwehluleka kwengqamuzana elilodwa, okubangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwangaphakathi, ukukhulula ukushisa (ukusabela kwe-exothermic), futhi izinga lokushisa liyaqhubeka likhuphuka futhi lisakaze kumaseli aseduze namamojula, okubangela umlilo noma ngisho nokuqhuma. Imodi yokwehluleka kweseli ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukushajwa ngokweqile noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokulawula, ukuchayeka kwe-thermal, isifunda esifushane sangaphandle kanye nesifunda esifushane sangaphakathi (okungabangelwa izimo ezihlukahlukene njengokuhlehlisa noma ukuboboka, ukungcola kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukungena kwezinto zangaphandle, njll. ).

Ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa okushisayo kweseli, kuzokhiqizwa igesi evuthayo. Kusukela ngenhla ungaqaphela ukuthi amacala amathathu okuqala okuqhuma anesizathu esifanayo, okungukuthi igesi evuthayo ayikwazi ukukhipha ngesikhathi. Kuleli qophelo, ibhethri, imojula kanye nesistimu yokungenisa umoya yesitsha kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile amagesi aphuma ebhethrini ngevalvu yokukhipha umoya, futhi ukulawulwa kokucindezela kwevalvu yokukhipha umoya kunganciphisa ukunqwabelana kwamagesi avuthayo. Esigabeni semojuli, ngokuvamile ifeni yangaphandle noma idizayini yokupholisa yegobolondo izosetshenziswa ukugwema ukunqwabelana kwamagesi avuthayo. Okokugcina, esigabeni sesitsha, izinsiza zokungenisa umoya kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha nazo ziyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe amagesi avuthayo.

I-2) Ukwehluleka kwe-ESS okubangelwa ukuhluleka kwesistimu yokusiza yangaphandle

Ukwehluleka kukonke kwe-ESS okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwesistimu eyisiza ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesistimu yebhethri futhi kungaholela ekushiseni noma ekubhemeni kwezingxenye zangaphandle. Futhi lapho isistimu iqapha futhi isabela kuyo ngesikhathi esifanele, ngeke iholele ekuhlulekeni kweseli noma ukuhlukunyezwa kokushisa. Ezingozini zesiteshi sikagesi i-Vistra Moss Landing Power Phase 1 2021 kanye neSigaba 2 2022, kwaqubuka intuthu nomlilo ngenxa yokuthi imishini yokuqapha amaphutha kanye nemishini engasebenzi kahle kagesi yayicishiwe ngaleso sikhathi ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi ayikwazanga ukuphendula ngesikhathi. . Lolu hlobo lokushiswa kwamalangabi ngokuvamile luqala kusukela ngaphandle kwesistimu yebhethri ngaphambi kokuthi ligcine lisakazekele ngaphakathi kweseli, ngakho-ke akukho ukusabela okunamandla kwe-exothermic kanye nokunqwabelana kwegesi evuthayo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile akukho kuqhuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlelo lokufafaza lungavulwa ngesikhathi, ngeke ludale umonakalo omkhulu endaweni.

Ingozi yomlilo ye-"Victorian Power Station" e-Geelong, e-Australia ngo-2021 yabangelwa ukujikeleza okufushane kwebhethri okubangelwa ukuvuza okupholile, okusikhumbuza ukuthi sinake ukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba kwesistimu yebhethri. Kunconywa ukugcina isikhala esithile phakathi kwezinsiza zangaphandle kanye nesistimu yebhethri ukuze ugweme ukuphazanyiswa okufanayo. Isistimu yebhethri kufanele futhi ifakwe umsebenzi wokuvikela ukugwema ukujikeleza okufushane kwangaphandle.

Izinyathelo zokulwa

Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi izimbangela zezingozi ze-ESS ziwukuhlukumeza okushisayo kweseli kanye nokuhluleka kwesistimu yokusiza. Uma ukwehluleka kungenakuvinjelwa, khona-ke ukunciphisa ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo ngemva kokwehluleka kokuvimbela nakho kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa. Izinyathelo zokulwa zingacatshangelwa kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

Ukuvimbela ukusabalala okushisayo ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa okushisayo kweseli

Isithiyo se-insulation singangezwa ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kokuhlukunyezwa okushisayo kweseli, okungafakwa phakathi kwamaseli, phakathi kwamamojula noma phakathi kwama-rack. Esithasiselweni se-NFPA 855 (Okujwayelekile Kokufakwa Kwezinhlelo Zokugcina Amandla Angasebenzi), ungathola nezimfuneko ezihlobene. Izinyathelo eziqondile zokuhlukanisa umgoqo zihlanganisa ukufaka amapuleti amanzi abandayo, i-airgel nokuthandwa phakathi kwamaseli.

Idivayisi yocisha umlilo ohlelweni lwebhethri ingangezwa ukuze ikwazi ukusabela ngokushesha ukuze ivule idivayisi yocisha umlilo uma ukuhlukunyezwa kokushisa kwenzeka kuseli eyodwa. I-chemistry ngemuva kwezingozi zomlilo ze-lithium-ion iholela ekwakhiweni okuhlukile kokunciphisa umlilo kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla kunezixazululo ezivamile zokucima umlilo, okungezona nje ukucima umlilo, kodwa nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kwebhethri. Uma kungenjalo, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ashisayo kwamaseli kuzoqhubeka futhi kubangele ukuthungela kabusha.

Ukunakekela okwengeziwe kuyadingeka lapho kukhethwa izinto zokucisha umlilo. Uma amanzi efafazwe ngqo kwibhokisi yebhethri evuthayo angase akhiqize ingxube yegesi evuthayo. Futhi uma ikesi yebhethri noma ifremu yenziwe ngensimbi, amanzi ngeke avimbele ukusetshenziswa kabi kokushisa. Ezinye izimo zibonisa ukuthi amanzi noma ezinye izinhlobo zoketshezi ezithinta amatheminali ebhethri nazo zingase zibhebhethekise umlilo. Isibonelo, engozini yomlilo wesiteshi sikagesi i-Vistra Moss Landing ngo-September 2021, imibiko yabonisa ukuthi amapayipi okupholisa esiteshini kanye namapayipi axhumene nawo ahluleka, okubangele ukuthi amanzi afafaze kumarack amabhethri futhi agcina ebangele ukuthi amabhethri afinyezeke futhi abe arc.

1.Ukuphuma ngesikhathi kwamagesi avuthayo

Yonke le mibiko yecala engenhla ikhomba ukugxila kwamagesi avuthayo njengembangela eyinhloko yokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ukuklama kwesayithi nokuhleleka, ukuqapha igesi kanye nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya kubalulekile ekunciphiseni le ngozi. Ezingeni le-NFPA 855 kushiwo ukuthi isistimu yokutholwa kwegesi eqhubekayo iyadingeka. Uma izinga elithile legesi evuthayo (okungukuthi u-25% we-LFL) litholwa, isistimu izoqala ukukhipha umoya omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokuhlola le-UL 9540A liphinde lisho imfuneko yokuqoqa i-exhaust nokuthola umkhawulo ophansi wegesi LFL.

Ngaphezu kokukhipha umoya, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphaneli okusiza ukuqhuma kuyanconywa. Kushiwo ku-NFPA 855 ukuthi ama-ESSs kufanele afakwe futhi anakekelwe ngokuvumelana ne-NFPA 68 (Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting) kanye ne-NFPA 69 (Standards on Explosion Protection Systems). Nokho, uma isistimu ithobelana Nokuhlolwa Komlilo Nokuqhuma (UL 9540A noma okulinganayo), ingakhululwa kule mfuneko. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izimo zokuhlola zingameli ngokugcwele isimo sangempela, kunconywa ukuthuthukiswa kokungena komoya kanye nokuvikela ukuqhuma.

2.Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwezinhlelo ezisizayo

Ukunganele kwezinhlelo zesoftware/i-firmware kanye nezinqubo zokusebenzisa/ukuqalisa ngaphambilini nakho kube nomthelela ezigamekweni zomlilo zeSiteshi Samandla Sase-Victorian kanye ne-Vistra Moss Landing Power Station. Emlilweni we-Victorian Power Station, ukuhlukumeza okushisayo okwaqalwa enye yamamojula akuzange kuhlonzwe noma kuvinjwe, futhi umlilo olandelayo nawo awuphazanyiswanga. Isizathu esenza lesi simo senzeke ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwakungadingeki ngaleso sikhathi, futhi isistimu yavalwa mathupha, okuhlanganisa isistimu ye-telemetry, ukuqapha amaphutha kanye nedivayisi engasebenzi kahle kagesi. Ukwengeza, uhlelo lokulawula nokutholwa kwedatha (i-SCADA) nalo belingakasebenzi, njengoba kuthathe amahora angama-24 ukusungula ukuxhumana kwemishini.

Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi noma yimaphi amamojula angasebenzi kufanele abe namadivayisi afana ne-telemetry esebenzayo, ukuqapha amaphutha kanye namadivayisi okuphepha kagesi, kunokuba avalwe ngesandla ngeswishi yokukhiya. Wonke amadivaysi okuvikela ukuphepha kukagesi kufanele agcinwe kwimodi esebenzayo. Ukwengeza, amasistimu e-alamu engeziwe kufanele engezwe ukuze abone futhi aphendule ezehlakalweni ezihlukahlukene eziphuthumayo.

Iphutha lokuhlela isofthiwe liphinde latholwa esiteshini samandla se-Vistra Moss Landing Power Izigaba 1 no-2, njengoba umkhawulo wokuqalisa ungeqiwe, usinki wokushisa webhethri wasebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehluleka kwesixhumi sepayipi lamanzi ngokuvuza kongqimba olungaphezulu lwebhethri kwenza amanzi atholakale kumojula yebhethri bese kubangela ukujikeleza okufushane. Lezi zibonelo ezimbili zibonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi uhlelo lwesofthiwe/i-firmware luhlolwe futhi lulungiswe ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuqalisa.

Isifinyezo

Ngokucutshungulwa kwezingozi zomlilo eziningana esiteshini sokugcina amandla, kufanele kuqalwe kakhulu ukulawulwa kokungena komoya kanye nokuqhuma, ukufakwa okufanele kanye nezinqubo zokuthumela, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo zesofthiwe, okungavimbela izingozi zebhethri. Ukwengeza, uhlelo oluphelele lokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo kufanele lwenziwe ukuze kubhekwane nokukhiqizwa kwamagesi anobuthi nezinto ezinobuthi.