Ingabe amabhethri e-lithium ahlukaniswa njengempahla eyingozi?

Yebo, amabhethri e-lithium ahlukaniswa njengezimpahla eziyingozi.

Ngokwemithethonqubo yamazwe ngamazwe njengeIzincomo Zokuthuthwa Kwempahla Eyingozi(TDG), iIkhodi Yempahla Eyingozi Yasolwandle Yamazwe Ngamazwe(I-IMDG Code), kanye ne-Imiyalo Yezobuchwepheshe Yokuthutha Okuphephile Kwezimpahla Eziyingozi Ngomoyaeshicilelwe yi-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), amabhethri e-lithium awela ngaphansi kwe-Class 9: Ingxubevange yezinto eziyingozi nama-athikili, okuhlanganisa izinto eziyingozi emvelweni.

Kunezigaba ezi-3 ezinkulu zamabhethri e-lithium anezinombolo ezi-5 ze-UN ezihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zokusebenza nezindlela zokuhamba:

• Amabhethri e-lithium azimele: Angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe amabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium kanye namabhethri e-lithium-ion, ahambisana nezinombolo ze-UN UN3090 kanye ne-UN3480, ngokulandelana.
• Amabhethri e-lithium afakwe kumishini: Ngokufanayo, ahlukaniswa ngamabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium namabhethri e-lithium-ion, ahambisana nezinombolo ze-UN UN3091 kanye ne-UN3481, ngokulandelana.
• Izimoto ezisebenza ngebhethri ye-lithium noma izinto ezizihambelayo: Izibonelo zifaka izimoto zikagesi, amabhayisikili kagesi, izikuta zikagesi, izihlalo zabakhubazekile zikagesi, njll., ezihambisana nenombolo ye-UN3171.

Ingabe amabhethri e-lithium adinga ukupakishwa kwempahla eyingozi?

Ngokwemithetho ye-TDG, amabhethri e-lithium adinga ukupakishwa kwempahla eyingozi ahlanganisa:

• Amabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium noma amabhethri e-lithium alloy anokuqukethwe kwe-lithium okukhulu kuno-1g.
• Amaphakethe ebhethri ensimbi ye-lithium noma i-lithium alloy anengqikithi yokuqukethwe kwe-lithium engaphezu kuka-2g.
• Amabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla alinganiselwe angaphezu kuka-20 Wh, namaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla alinganiselwe angaphezu kuka-100 Wh.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium akhululiwe ekufakweni kwempahla eyingozi asadinga ukukhombisa isilinganiso sehora le-watt emaphaketheni angaphandle. Ukwengeza, kufanele babonise izimpawu zebhethri le-lithium ezithobelayo, ezihlanganisa umngcele odeshi obomvu kanye nophawu olumnyama olubonisa ingozi yomlilo yamaphakethe namaseli ebhethri.

Yiziphi izidingo zokuhlola ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwamabhethri e-lithium?

Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwamabhethri e-lithium anezinombolo ze-UN UN3480, UN3481, UN3090, kanye ne-UN3091, kumele ahlole uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ngokweSigatshana 38.3 seNgxenye III yeNhlangano Yezizwe.Izincomo Zokuthuthwa Kwezimpahla Eziyingozi - Incwadi Yokuhlola Nemibandela. Ukuhlola kufaka phakathi: ukulingiswa kokuphakama, ukuhlolwa kokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo (amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi), ukudlidliza, ukushaqeka, ukujikeleza okufushane kwangaphandle kokuthi 55 ℃, umthelela, ukuchoboza, ukushajwa ngokweqile, nokukhipha ngempoqo. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthwa okuphephile kwamabhethri e-lithium.

Yiziphi izinqubo zokuthekelisa zamabhethri e-lithium?

Ngokwe-Article 17 yeUmthetho Wabantu's IRiphabhulikhi YaseShayina Ekuhlolweni Kwempahla Yokungenisa Nokuthekelisa, amabhizinisi akhiqiza iziqukathi zokupakisha ezithumela izimpahla eziyingozi kwamanye amazwe kumele afake izicelo kuziphathimandla ezihlolayo kanye nezokuvalelwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kweziqukathi zokupakisha. Amabhizinisi akhiqiza futhi athumela izimpahla eziyingozi kumele afake izicelo zokuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kweziqukathi zokupakisha ezivela kwabaphathi abahlolayo nabazivalela ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, kumabhethri e-lithium apakishwe emaphaketheni ezimpahla eziyingozi, ibhizinisi kufanele lifake isiko lasendaweni ukuze lihlolwe ukusebenza kokupakisha futhi lisebenzise ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokuthekelisa. Ibhizinisi lidinga ukutholaIfomu Lomphumela Wokuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwempahla Yokuhamba Kwempahla Ephumayokanye neEphumayo Ephumayo Yezimpahla Eziyingozi Ezokuthutha Sebenzisa Ifomu Lomphumela Wokuhlola. Inqubo yokubhala ingenziwa lula ngokuya ngemithethonqubo efanele efana neIsimemezelo Sokwenziwa Kwedijithali Kokuhlolwa Nokuhlukaniswa Kwamadokhumenti.

Amabhizinisi akhiqiza amaphakheji okuthumela impahla eyingozi kumele afake izicelo kumasiko endawoIfomu Lomphumela Wokuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwempahla Yokuhamba Kwempahla Ephumayo. Isikhathi sokuqinisekisa sefomu sinqunywa ngokusekelwe kusimo esiphathekayo sesiqukathi sokupakisha kanye nohlobo lwezimpahla esizithwalayo, ngokuvamile esingeqi ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kusukela ngosuku lokukhiqizwa kwesiqukathi. Uma izimpahla zingathunyelwanga phakathi nesikhathi sokuqinisekisa, futhi iphakheji yangaphandle isesimweni esihle, ibhizinisi lingaphinda lifake isicelo sokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokupakisha. Ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa, ifomu elivuselelwe lingasetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle futhi lizohlala lisebenza kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisi-6 kusukela osukwini lokuphothula ukuhlola.

Amabhizinisi akhiqiza izimpahla eziyingozi (okungukuthi, umkhiqizi webhethri ye-lithium noma umthumeli ngaphandle) kufanele afake izicelo kumasiko endawoEphumayo Ephumayo Yezimpahla Eziyingozi Ezokuthutha Sebenzisa Ifomu Lomphumela Wokuhlola. Amabhethri e-lithium kufanele abonise amandla alinganiselwe (W·h). Ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kokuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwephakheji yokuthuthwa kwempahla eyingozi ephumayo, amasiko azocubungula le mibandela elandelayo yokufaneleka:

• Acacile, avikelekile, futhi alungile izimpawu zokupakisha ze-UN, imininingwane yeqoqo, nezimpawu zezimpahla eziyingozi kufanele ziphrintwe esitsheni sokupakisha. Izimpawu, izimpawu, kanye nokupakishwa kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo ezifanele.
• Ukubonakala kwangaphandle kwephakheji kufanele kuhlanzeke, kungabi nezinsalela, ukungcola, noma ukuvuza okuvunyelwe.
• Lapho uvikela amabhokisi okhuni noma e-fiberboard ngezipikili, kufanele abethelwe ngokuqinile, futhi amathiphu wezinzipho kufanele agobe phansi. Amathiphu wezinzipho namakepisi akufanele aphumele ngaphandle. Umzimba webhokisi kufanele uphelele, futhi ibhande kufanele liqine eduze kwebhokisi. Amabhokisi ephepha anothayela kufanele angonakali, abe nokuvalwa okushelelayo futhi okuqinile, futhi izintambo kufanele ziqine eduze kwebhokisi.
• Kufanele kube nezinto ezingasebenzisi phakathi kwamabhethri ngamanye noma amaphakethe ebhethri namabhethri astakiwe ukuvimbela ukuthintana.
• Amabhethri kufanele abe namadivayisi okuvikela isekethe emfishane.
• Ama-electrode amabhethri akumele asekele isisindo samanye amabhethri ayisitaki.
• Izinhlinzeko ezikhethekile zokupakishwa kwamabhethri e-lithium noma amaphakethe ebhethri asemithethweni yamazwe ngamazwe kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nayo.

Ukwephulwa Okujwayelekile

Kusukela ekuphuleni okuvamile ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe amabhethri e-lithium, izingqinamba eziyinhloko ezikhonjwe amasiko zihlanganisa: izinkampani ezihluleka ukufaka isiceloEphumayo Ephumayo Yezimpahla Eziyingozi Ezokuthutha Sebenzisa Ifomu Lomphumela Wokuhlolangaphandle kokuhlangabezana nemibandela yokukhululwa; Izimpawu zebhethri le-lithium kuphakheji yangaphandle zimbozwa noma zingavezwa njengoba kudingekile.

Izinkinga Zokulebula

• Ingabe amalebula okuthutha amabhethri e-lithium angaphrintwa ephepheni le-A4?

Akunconywa ukuphrinta ephepheni le-A4 ngoba kungaholela kalula ekulimaleni noma ekuhlukaniseni. Okokuthutha ngolwandle, amalebula ezokuthutha kufanele ahlale ecacile futhi ebonakala ngisho nangemva kokucwiliswa emanzini olwandle isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu.

• Ingabe amalebula ezokuthutha e-Class 9 ku-TDG ahlanganisa uhlaka olunedeshi? Ingabe amalebula angenawo umugqa wedeshi abhekwa njengangathobeli?

Ngokwemithetho yelebula eSigabeni 5.2.2.2, TDG Volume 2, uma ilebula inamathiselwe kungemuva elihlukile, asikho isidingo sokuveza unqenqema olungaphandle ngomugqa onedeshi.

Ukwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwamakhabethe okugcina amandla ebhethri le-lithium anosayizi owedlula ububanzi bokuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla eziyingozi zokupakishwa?

Emakhabetheni okugcina amandla anamabhethri e-lithium akhelwe ngaphakathi, njengoba entula ukupakishwa kwangaphandle, awangeni ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokuhlolwa kokupakishwa kwempahla eyingozi. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokuhambisa imibhalo kumasiko ukuze kuhlolwe ukusetshenziswa kwempahla eyingozi yokupakishwa.

Izimfuneko zokungenisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion?

ukuhlolwa kokupakishwa kwempahla eyingozi.

Ukuze kungeniswe amabhethri e-lithium, umbiko we-UN38.3 wanele, futhi asikho isidingo sokungena.