I-Carbon footprint

Isendlalelo kanye nenqubo yeEU's “Ukulawulwa Kwebhethri Okusha”

I-EU's Regulation on Battery and Waste Battery,eyaziwa nangokuthi iI-EU's New Battery Regulation, yahlongozwa i-EU ngo-December 2020 ukuthi isule kancane kancane i-Directive 2006/66/EC, ichitshiyelwe Umthethonqubo (EU) No 2019/1020, futhi ibuyekeze umthetho webhethri we-EU.

I-Directive yebhethri yamanje (2006/66/EC), eyanyatheliswa ngo-2006, ikakhulukazi ibeka imikhawulo enanini elinqunyelwe kanye nokumaka izinto eziyingozi (i-mercury, i-cadmium nomthofu) eziqukethwe kumabhethri abekwe emakethe ye-EU, kodwa ayikucacisi okunye ukusebenza. izinkomba esigabeni sokukhiqizwa kwebhethri, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugaywa kabusha. IUkulawulwa Kwebhethri Okusha yenza lokhu kushoda, iphakamisa uchungechunge lwezidingo zamabhethri esimeme kakhudlwana, asebenziseka kabusha futhi aphephile, okuhlanganisa imithetho ye-carbon footprint, ubuncane bokuqukethwe kokugaya kabusha, ukusebenza kanye namazinga okuqina, nokunye. Ukwengezwa kwe-carbon footprint kulesi sichibiyelo sokulawula ibhethri kudonse ukunaka okukhethekile okuvela kubakhiqizi. Muva nje, i-MCM ithole inombolo enkulu yemibuzo ehlobene nalokhu, ngakho-ke sihlela futhi sihlaziye okuqukethwe nezimfuneko ze-carbon footprint lapha ukuze uthole inkomba yakho.

Izidingo ze-carbon footprint 

Isahluko sesi-7 seUkulawulwa Kwebhethri Okusha imayelana nezidingo ze-carbon footprint yamabhethri emoto kagesi, izimoto ezilula namabhethri ezimboni. Amabhethri emoto kagesi kanye namabhethri ezimboni aphinde ashajwe namandla angaphezu kuka-2kWh kufanele ahambisane nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe. Imodeli yebhethri ngayinye kanye neqoqo ngalinye lesitshalo sokukhiqiza kufanele libe nesitatimende se-carbon footprint, okuhlanganisa:

(a) Ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizi;

(b) Imibhalo yohlobo lwebhethri esisebenza kulo isimemezelo;

(c) Ulwazi mayelana nendawo yezindawo zokukhiqiza amabhethri;

(d) I-carbon footprint yomjikelezo wempilo yebhethri ingamakhilogremu we-CO₂ okulinganayo;

(e) I-carbon footprint yebhethri esigabeni ngasinye somjikelezo wempilo yalo;

(f) Inombolo kamazisi yesimemezelo sebhethri se-EU sokuvumelana

Indlela yokubala ye-carbon footprint

Izindlela zokubala ze-carbon footprint zinikezwe kuSithasiselo II seUkulawulwa Kwebhethri Okusha. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu:

1) I-Product Environmental Footprint (PEF)

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013H0179&from=EN

2) Imithetho Yesigaba Sendawo Yezinyawo Zomkhiqizo (PEFCRs)

https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/environmental-footprint-methods_en

3) Izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wokuhlola umjikelezo wempilo

https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/6e9b7f79-da96-4a53-956f-e8f62c9d7fed/library/537534a4-9c76-40a1-b488-e9127db2befd=detailes?

Isibalo somjikelezo wempilo we-carbon footprint kufanele sisekelwe kumthethosivivinywa wezinto zokwakha, amandla kanye nezinto ezisizayo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza uhlobo oluthile lwebhethri esitshalweni esithile. Ikakhulukazi, izakhi ze-elekthronikhi (ezifana namayunithi okuphatha ibhethri, amayunithi okuphepha) nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zama-electrode anikela ngokuyinhloko ekugxilweni kwekhabhoni yamabhethri. Isitatimende se-carbon footprint kufanele sibe esohlobo lwebhethri elikhiqizwa endaweni ethile yokukhiqiza. Izinguquko kuhlu lwezinto ezibonakalayo noma imiksi yamandla esetshenzisiwe zidinga ukubalwa okusha kwe-carbon footprint yemodeli yebhethri.

Isilinganiso sokusebenza kwe-Carbon footprint

Ngokusekelwe ekusabalaliseni kwenani elimenyezelwe le-carbon footprint yebhethri emakethe, isilinganiso sokusebenza kwe-carbon footprint sizonqunywa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa kwemakethe. Isigaba A yisigaba esihle kakhulu esinomthelela womjikelezo wokuphila wekhabhoni ephansi kakhulu. Ikhomishana izonquma ubukhulu bomkhawulo womjikelezo wekhabhoni womjikelezo wempilo wamabhethri ezimboni ezinamandla angaphezu kuka-2kWh ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sokusebenza. Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhethri adlula umkhawulo we-carbon footprint angeke athunyelwe ku-EU.

Idethi yokuqaliswa kwe-Carbon footprint

²Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNtulikazi wezi-2024, amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi, amabhethri ezimoto ezincane kanye namabhethri ezimboni kuzodingeka ukuthi aveze imikhondo yawo yekhabhoni;

²Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2025, amabhethri emoto kagesi, amabhethri ezimoto ezincane kanye namabhethri ezimboni azodinga isilinganiso sokusebenza kwe-carbon footprint;

(I-European Commission izoshicilela indlela yokulinganisa ngomhla ka-31 Disemba 2024)

²Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Julayi 2027, amabhethri emoto kagesi, amabhethri emoto encane kanye namabhethri emboni enamandla angaphezu kuka-2kWh azodingeka ukuze abe nomkhawulo wokuphila ophakeme we-carbon footprint.

(I-European Commission izokhipha umkhawulo we-carbon footprint ngoJulayi 1, 2025)

I-Carbon tariff

Isingeniso esifushane

I-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(i-CBAM) intela ekhethekile yokukhipha isikhutha emikhiqizweni engenisiwe, eyaziwa nangokuthi intela yokulungisa i-carbon border. Ngo-2021, ukuze kufezwe umgomo wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngama-55% ngo-2030, i-EU yethulaIlungele i-55, uchungechunge lwemithetho esalungiswa ehlanganisa amanani entengo ekhabhoni.

Ububanzi besicelo

I-CBAM ihlanganisa amasimu ensimbi, usimende, umanyolo, i-aluminium nogesi, amakhemikhali (i-hydrogen, i-ammonia, amanzi ammonia) kanye nama-polymers (imikhiqizo yepulasitiki). Amanye amazwe noma izifunda azikhokhiswa izintela ezifanele, ikakhulukazi amazwe angewona awe-EU noma izifunda ezijoyine uhlelo lokuhweba ngokukhipha umoya we-EU, noma amazwe nezifunda eziye zaqaphela ngokufanayo uhlelo lokuhweba nge-EU, kodwa ingafaki i-China.

Isihloko sentela

Isihloko sentela se-CBM singumthengi ongenayo e-EU.Abathekelisi kudingeka ukuthi babhalise nesiphathimandla sokuphatha se-EU CBAM futhi bangangenisa imikhiqizo efanele kuphela ngemva kokugunyazwa. Okulandelayo yifomula yokubala izindleko:

Izimali ze-CBAM = inani lekhabhoni ngeyunithi (EUR/ton) x ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni (ithani)

Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni (amathani)=ci-arbon emission intensity × ubuningi bomkhiqizo (amathani)

Isikhathi senguquko

I-CBAM izoqala ukusebenza ngo-Okthoba kulo nyaka. Isikhathi esisuka ku-2023 kuya ku-2026 sizoba yisigaba sesikhashana sokusebenza kwesilingo se-CBM. Ngesikhathi soguquko, abangenisi be-EU bazodinga kuphela ukuhambisa idatha yekota (ulwazi ngenani eliphelele lemikhiqizo engenisiwe ngekota, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuqondile nokungaqondile kwemikhiqizo engenisiwe, izindleko zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ezikhokhwa imikhiqizo engenisiwe ezweni lendabuko, njll.) futhi ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ukhokhe intela yekhabhoni emikhiqizweni engenisiwe. Kusukela ngo-2027 kuye phambili, abangenisi be-EU bazodingeka ukuthi balethe inani elihambisanayo lemininingwane ye-elekthronikhi ye-CBAM, okungukuthi, amanani e-carbon azofakwa.

Amanothi: 1. Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni eqondile: Ukukhishwa komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqondile komkhiqizi.

2. Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni engaqondile: Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo.

I-EU CBAM isebenzisa yonke indlela yomjikelezo wempilo ukukala ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Uma ibhizinisi lingakwazi ukubala ngokunembile, amandla okukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuzenzakalelayo isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okunamandla kokusebenza kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-10%)amabhizinisi ukukhiqiza uhlobo olufanayo lwemikhiqizo ezweni elithumelayo. Uma inkampani inganikezi ngedatha ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni, ukushuba kwekhabhoni okumaphakathi kwabadlali abakhipha ikhabhoni ephansi kakhulu (phansi kuka-5%) ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza uhlobo olufanayo lwemikhiqizo e-EU zizosetshenziswa.

Isiphetho

I-carbon footprint ihamba kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yebhethri, ohlanganisa izinto ezingavuthiwe, ukukhiqizwa, uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugaywa kabusha. I-EUUkulawulwa Kwebhethri Okusha kanye nezintengo zekhabhoni zinaka ngokukhethekile ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwemikhiqizo, futhi zenza izidingo eziqinile nezicacile zokumenyezelwa kwe-carbon footprint yebhethri, isilinganiso sokusebenza kanye nemikhawulo, nezinto ezigaywe kabusha. Njengamanje, imboni yebhethri yaseShayina ayinazo izilinganiso nezindlela zokubala ze-carbon footprint evuthiwe, futhi idatha ye-carbon footprint yebhethri empeleni ayinalutho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimemezelo sedatha ye-carbon footprint yangaphambi kwesikhathi, noma isilinganiso esilandelayo se-carbon footprint nemithethonqubo kuzoletha izinselele ezinkulu enanini lokuthengiswa komkhiqizo nokuthekelisa. Manje kunezinkampani zebhethri zasekhaya ezethule imikhiqizo ye-zero-carbon, izitolo ze-zero-carbon, izimboni ze-zero-carbon. Ezinye izinkampani nazo zidinga ukuqonda ngesikhathi futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo zemithetho ye-EU ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamabhethri neminye imikhiqizo ku-EU kuthobelana nemithethonqubo.

Inyanga ezayo izokulethela incazelo yezingxenye zamabhethri ezigaywa kabusha kuSahluko 8 se-EU's Ukulawulwa Kwebhethri Okusha: amabhethri aphathekayo, amabhethri amancane okuthutha, amabhethri ezimboni, amabhethri emoto kagesi namabhethri ezimoto.