Iyini i-European Green Deal?

Yethulwe yiKhomishini YaseYurophu ngoDisemba 2019, i-European Green Deal ihlose ukubeka i-EU endleleni eya kuguquko oluluhlaza futhi ekugcineni.impumeleloveukungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ngo-2050.

I-European Green Deal iqoqo lezinhlelo zenqubomgomo ezisukela esimweni sezulu, imvelo, amandla, ezokuthutha, izimboni, ezolimo, kuya kwezezimali ezisimeme. Umgomo wayo ukuguqula i-EU ibe umnotho ophumelelayo, wesimanjemanje noqhudelanayo, iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inqubomgomo efanelekile ifaka isandla emgomweni wokugcina wokungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu.

Iziphi Izinyathelo Ezihlanganisa I-Green Deal?

——Ilungele i-55

Iphakethe le-Fit for 55 lihlose ukwenza umgomo we-Green Deal ube umthetho, okubonisa ukwehla okungenani okungama-55% kwensalela yokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngo-2030.TheIphakheji lihlanganisa iqoqo leziphakamiso zomthetho kanye nezichibiyelo kumthetho okhona we-EU, eklanyelwe ukusiza i-EU inqamule ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya futhi ifinyelele ukungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu.

——Uhlelo Lwesenzo Somnotho Oyindilinga

NgoMashi 11, 2020, iKhomishini YaseYurophu yashicilela “Uhlelo Olusha Lokusebenza Lomnotho Oyindilinga YeYurophu Ehlanzekile Neqhudelana Kakhudlwana”, olusebenza njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ye-European Green Deal, ehlangene eduze ne-European Industrial Strategy.

I-Action Plan iveza amaphuzu okusebenza abalulekile angama-35, ngohlaka lwenqubomgomo yomkhiqizo esimeme njengesici sawo esiyinhloko, esihlanganisa ukwakheka komkhiqizo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezinhlelo ezinikeza amandla abathengi nabathengi bomphakathi. Izinyathelo okugxilwe kuzo zizobhekisa amaketango abalulekile entengo emikhiqizo efana ne-elekthronikhi ne-ICT, amabhethri nezimoto, amaphakheji, amapulasitiki, izindwangu, ukwakhiwa kanye nezakhiwo, kanye nokudla, amanzi nemisoco. Ukubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo yokumosha nakho kulindeleke. Ikakhulukazi, Uhlelo Lokusebenza luhlanganisa izindawo ezine ezibalulekile:

• I-Circularity in Sustainable Product Lifecycle
• Ukunika Abathengi Amandla
• Ukukhomba Izimboni Ezibalulekile
• Ukunciphisa Udoti

I-Circularity in Development and Production of Sustainable Products

Lesi sici siklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlala isikhathi eside futhi kulula ukuyilungisa, inika amandla abathengi ukuthi benze ukukhetha okuzinzile.

Euphawu lwekhodi

Kusukela ngo-2009, i-Ecodesign Directive iye yabeka izidingo zokonga ugesi ezihlanganisa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene (isb. amakhompyutha, iziqandisi, amaphampu amanzi).Ngomhla zingama-27 kuNhlaba wezi-2024, uMkhandlu wamukele izimfuneko ezintsha ze-ecodesign zemikhiqizo esimeme.

Imithetho emisha ihlose:

² Setha izidingo zokusimama kwemvelo cishe kuzo zonke izimpahla ezibekwe emakethe ye-EU

² Dala amaphasipoti omkhiqizo wedijithali ahlinzeka ngolwazi ngokusimama kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo

² Vimbela ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla ethile engathengiswanga (izindwangu nezicathulo)

²

Rubusukuukulungisa

I-EU ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bangafuna ukulungiswa kunokushintshwa uma umkhiqizo wonakalisiwe noma ungasebenzi. Imithetho emisha evamile yahlongozwa ngoMashi 2023 ukuze kulungiswe ukulahlwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezimpahla ezilungisekayo.

Ngomhla zingama-30 kuNhlaba wezi-2024, uMkhandlu wamukela Umyalelo Welungelo Lokulungisa (R2R).Okuqukethwe kwayo okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

² Abathengi banelungelo lokucela abakhiqizi ukuthi balungise imikhiqizo elungiseka ngokobuchwepheshe ngaphansi komthetho we-EU (njengemishini yokuwasha, izicoci ze-vacuum noma amafoni omakhalekhukhwini).

² Ishidi lamahhala lemininingwane yokulungisa yase-Europe

² Inkundla yesevisi eku-inthanethi exhumanisa abathengi nabasebenzi abalungisayo

² Isikhathi sesikweletu somthengisi sinwetshwa izinyanga eziyi-12 ngemuva kokulungiswa komkhiqizo

Umthetho omusha uzophinde unciphise ukumosha futhi ukhuthaze izindlela zebhizinisi ezizinzile ngokugqugquzela abakhiqizi nabathengi ukuthi banwebe umjikelezo wempilo yemikhiqizo yabo.

Isiyingi senqubo yokukhiqiza

I-Industrial Emissions Directive umthetho oyinhloko we-EU wokubhekana nokungcoliswa kwezimboni.

I-EU isanda kuvuselela isiyalelo sokweseka imboni emizamweni yayo yokufeza inhloso ye-EU yokungangcolisi lutho ngo-2050, ikakhulukazi ngokweseka ubuchwepheshe bomnotho oyindilinga nokutshalwa kwezimali. NgoNovemba 2023, uMkhandlu we-EU kanye nePhalamende laseYurophu bafinyelela isivumelwano sesikhashana sokubuyekezwa koMyalelo ezingxoxweni eziyingxenye emithathu. Umthetho omusha wamukelwa nguMkhandlu ngo-Ephreli 2024.

Nika amandla abathengi

I-EU ifuna ukuvimbela izinkampani ekwenzeni izimangalo ezidukisayo mayelana nezinzuzo zemvelo zemikhiqizo namasevisi azo.

Ngomhla zingama-20 kuNhlolanja wezi-2024, uMkhandlu wamukela isiyalelo okuhloswe ngaso ukuqinisa ilungelo labathengi lokushintsha imvelo. Abathengi be-Eu bazo:

² Ukufinyelela olwazini oluthembekile ukuze wenze ukukhetha okufanele okuluhlaza, okuhlanganisa nokuphuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi

² Isivikelo esingcono ezimangalweni eziluhlaza

² Qonda kangcono ukulungiseka komkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthenga

Umyalelo futhi wethula ilebula efanayo equkethe ulwazi mayelana neziqinisekiso zokuqina zentengiso ezinikezwa umenzi.

Izimboni eziyinhloko eziqondiwe

Uhlelo lokusebenza lugxile ezindaweni ezithile ezisebenzisa izinsiza eziningi futhi ezinamandla amakhulu okugaywa kabusha.

Ishaja

Izinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi zingomunye wemifudlana ekhula ngokushesha kadoti e-EU. Ngakho-ke, i-Circular Economy Action Plan iphakamisa izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukuqina nokusebenza kahle kokugaya kabusha kwezinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi. NgoNovemba 2022, i-EU yamukela i-I-Universal Charger Directive, okuzokwenza izimbobo zokushaja ze-USB Type-C zibe isibopho kuhlu lwamadivayisi kagesi (amaselula, amakhonsoli wegeyimu yevidiyo, amakhibhodi angenantambo, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, njll.).

Omakhalekhukhwini kanye nekhompyutha yethebhulethi

Imithetho emisha ye-EU izokwenza abathengi bakwazi ukuthenga omakhalekhukhwini namathebulethi akonga amandla, ahlala isikhathi eside futhi kulula ukuwalungisa emakethe ye-EU ngoba:

² Imithetho ye-Ecodesign isetha ubuncane bezidingo zokuqina kwebhethri, ukutholakala kwezingxenye eziyisipele, nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yokusebenza

² Imithetho yokulebula amandla igunyaza ukuboniswa kolwazi ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla nempilo yebhethri, kanye nezikolo zokulungiseka

Ama-ejensi e-Eu abuyekeza imithetho ephathelene nezinto ezilahlwayo zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo efana namakhompyutha, iziqandisi namaphaneli e-photovoltaic.

Ibhethri nokumosha ibhethri

Ngo-2023, i-EU yamukela umthetho wamabhethri ohlose ukudala umnotho oyindilinga wemboni ngokukhomba zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo yebhethri, kusukela ekuklanyweni kuya ekulahleni imfucuza. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi.

Ukupakisha

NgoNovemba 2022, uMkhandlu wenze isiphakamiso sokuchibiyela imithetho yokupakishwa nokupakishwa kwemfucuza. Ikhomishini yafinyelela isivumelwano sesikhashana nePhalamende LaseYurophu ngoMashi 2024.

Ezinye zezinyathelo ezibalulekile zesiphakamiso zihlanganisa:

² Ukupakishaukunciphisa imfucuzaokuhlosiwe ezingeni leSifundazwe Samalungu

² Khawulela ukupakisha okuningi

² Isekela ukusetshenziswa kabusha nokwengeza amasistimu

² Imbuyiselo yediphozithi eyisibopho yamabhodlela epulasitiki namakani e-aluminium

Ipulasitiki

Kusukela ngo-2018, i-European Circular Economy Plastics Strategy ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha kokupakishwa kwepulasitiki futhi inikeza impendulo eqinile kuma-microplastics.

² Yenza ukugaywa kabusha nokunciphisa imfucuza kube yimpoqo emikhiqizweni ebalulekile

² Uhlaka olusha lwenqubomgomo kumapulasitiki asuselwa kuzinto eziphilayo, angaboli futhi avundiswe ukuze kucace ukuthi lawa mapulasitiki angaletha kuphi izinzuzo zangempela zemvelo.

² Thatha izinyathelo zokubhekana nokukhishwa okungahlosiwe kwama-microplastics endaweni ukuze kuncishiswe udoti wepulasitiki

Izindwangu

Isu LeKhomishana Le-EU Lendwangu Esimeme Neyindilinga lihlose ukwenza izindwangu ziqine kakhudlwana, zilungiseke, zisebenziseke kabusha futhi zigaywe kabusha ngo-2030.

NgoJulayi 2023, iKhomishana yenza isiphakamiso:

² Bamba abakhiqizi baziphendulele ngawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo wemikhiqizo yendwangu ngokwelula isibopho somkhiqizi

² Sheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kweqoqo elihlukene lendwangu, ukuhlunga, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kanye nomkhakha wokugaya kabusha, njengoba Amazwe Angamalungu kufanele asungule isistimu yokuqoqa ehlukile yezindwangu zasendlini ngaphambi komhla ka-1 Januwari 2025.

² Xazulula inkinga yokuthekelisa ngokungemthetho kwemfucuza yendwangu

UMkhandlu ucubungula isiphakamiso ngaphansi kwenqubo evamile yomthetho.

Imithetho ye-ecodesign yomkhiqizo esimeme kanye nemithetho yokuthutha imfucuza kulindeleke ukuthi isize ekubekeni izidingo zokusimama kwemikhiqizo yendwangu futhi inciphise ukuthunyelwa kwemfucuza yendwangu.

Cimikhiqizo yeziqondiso

NgoZibandlela wezi-2023, uMkhandlu kanye nePhalamende bafinyelela isivumelwano sesikhashana mayelana nezichibiyelo zomthetho wemikhiqizo yokwakha ophakanyiswe yiKhomishini. Imithetho emisha yethula izidingo ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yokwakha iyaklanywa futhi ikhiqizwe ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside, ilungiswe kalula, igaywe kabusha futhi kube lula ukuyikhiqiza kabusha.

Umkhiqizi kufanele:

² Nikeza ulwazi lwezemvelo mayelana nomjikelezo wempilo womkhiqizo

² Dizayina futhi ukhiqize imikhiqizo ngendlela esiza ukusetshenziswa kabusha, ukukhiqiza kabusha kanye nokugaywa kabusha

² Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zikhethwa

² Nikeza imiyalelo yokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani futhi usevise umkhiqizo

Ukunciphisa imfucuza

I-EU isebenza ochungechungeni lwezinyathelo zokuqhubeka nokuqinisa nokusebenzisa kangcono imithetho yokulahlwa kwe-EU.

Izinhloso zokunciphisa imfucuza

Umyalelo wohlaka lukadoti, osebenza kusukela ngoJulayi 2020, ubeka imithetho yokuthi amazwe angamalungu:

² Ngo-2025, nyusa izinga lokuphinda lisetshenziswe kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza kamasipala ngo-55%

² Qinisekisa iqoqo elihlukile lezindwangu ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe, ukulungiselela ukuphinda zisetshenziswe futhi zigaywe kabusha ngomhla ka-1 Januwari 2025.

² Qinisekisa iqoqo elihlukile le-biowaste ukuze iphinde isetshenziswe, ukulungiselela ukuphinda isetshenziswe futhi igaywe kabusha emthonjeni ngomhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela wezi-2023.

² Finyelela okuhlosiwe okuqondile kokugaya kabusha kwezinto zokupakisha ngo-2025 no-2030

Indawo engenabo ubuthi

Kusukela ngo-2020, isu lamakhemikhali e-EU lokusimama lihlose ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhemikhali aphephile kokubili impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo.

² Ngomhla zingama-24 kuMfumfu 2022, ngaphansi kohlelo lwesenzo somnotho oyindilinga, i-EU yamukela ukubuyekezwa komthethonquboezintweni ezingcolisayo eziphilayo(PoPs), amakhemikhali ayingozi angatholakala kudoti emikhiqizweni yabathengi (isb. izindwangu ezingangeni manzi, amapulasitiki, nezinto zikagesi).

Imithetho emisha ihlosenciphisa amanani omkhawulo wokuhlushwangokuba khona kwama-PoP emfucumfucwini, okubalulekile emnothweni oyindilinga, lapho imfucuza izosetshenziswa kakhulu njengempahla yesibili eluhlaza.

² NgoJuni 2023, uMkhandlu wamukela isikhundla sawo sokuxoxisana mayelana nokubuyekezwa kokuhlukaniswa, ukulebula nokupakishwa kokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali okuhlongozwe yiKhomishana. Izinyathelo ezihlongozwayo zifaka imithetho ethile yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ephinda igcwaliseke ezosiza ekunciphiseni udoti wokupakisha.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa zesibili

UMkhandlu wamukele umthetho wezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile, ohlose ukuqinisa zonke izigaba zochungechunge lwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibucayi zaseYurophu okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa ukujikeleza nokugaywa kabusha.

UMkhandlu we-EU kanye nePhalamende bafinyelela esivumelwaneni sesikhashana mayelana nalesi senzo ngoNovemba 2023. Le mithetho emisha yabeka umgomo okungenani wama-25% wokusetshenziswa kwempahla yokusetshenziswa ebalulekile yonyaka ye-EU evela ekugayweni kabusha kwasekhaya.

Ukuthunyelwa kwemfucuza

UMkhandlu kanye nabaxoxisana bePhalamende LaseYurophu bafinyelela isivumelwano sesikhashana sezepolitiki sokuvuselela umthetho wokuthunyelwa kwemfucuza ngoNovemba 2023. Imithetho yamukelwa ngokusemthethweni nguMkhandlu ngoMashi 2024. Iwukulawula kangcono ukuhwebelana ngemfucuza ngaphakathi kwe-EU kanye nokungewona. -Amazwe e-EU.

² Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwemfucuza akulimazi imvelo nempilo yabantu

² Ukubhekana nokuthunyelwa okungekho emthethweni

Umthethonqubo uhlose ukunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwemfucuza eyinkinga ngaphandle kwe-EU, ubuyekeze izinqubo zokuthumela ukuze zibonise izinjongo zomnotho oyindilinga, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuqiniswa komthetho. Ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo kadoti ngaphakathi kwe-EU.

Isifinyezo

I-EU iphakamise uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zenqubomgomo, njengomthetho omusha webhethri, imithetho ye-eco-design, ilungelo lokukhanda (R2R), isiqondiso seshaja yendawo yonke, njll., ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo, okuhloswe ngayo ukuqalisa umgwaqo. yezinguquko eziluhlaza kanye nokufeza umgomo wokungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ngo-2050. Izinqubomgomo ze-EU zomnotho osihlaza zihlobene eduze nezinkampani ezikhiqizayo. Izinkampani ezifanele ezinezidingo zokungenisa ezweni ezivela e-EU kufanele zinake ukuguquguquka kwenqubomgomo ye-EU ngesikhathi futhi zenze izinguquko.