Ngaphambi kuka-2000, i-Japan yathatha isikhundla esiphambili emakethe yamabhethri yomhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, ekhulwini lama-21, amabhizinisi amabhethri aseShayina naseKorea akhuphuka ngokushesha ngezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, ezakha umthelela oqinile e-Japan, futhi isabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke yemboni yebhethri yaseJapane saqala ukwehla. Ngokubhekana neqiniso lokuthi ukuncintisana kwemboni yamabhethri yase-Japan kwaba ntekenteke kancane kancane, uhulumeni wase-Japan wakhipha amasu afanelekile izikhathi eziningi ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yebhethri.

• Ngo-2012, i-Japan yakhipha i-Battery Strategy, ibeka umgomo wamasu wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke sase-Japan sifinyelele ku-50% ngo-2020.
• Ngo-2014, i-Auto Industry Strategy 2014 yamenyezelwa ukuthi icacise isikhundla esibalulekile sebhethri ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto zikagesi.
• Ngonyaka wezi-2018, kwakhululwa “Uhlelo Lwesihlanu Oluyisisekelo Lwamandla”, olugcizelela ukubaluleka kwamabhethri ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zamandla “zokuqeda ikhabhoni”.
• Enguqulweni entsha ye-2050 Carbon Neutralization Green Growth Strategy ngo-2021, imboni yebhethri nezimoto ifakwe ohlwini njengenye yezimboni ezingu-14 ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa.

Ngo-Agasti 2022, uMnyango Wezomnotho, Wezohwebo Nezimboni (METI) ukhiphe inguqulo entsha ye-Battery Industry Strategy, eyafinyeza ulwazi lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yebhethri yase-Japan kusukela kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kwe-Battery Strategy ngo-2012, futhi yahlela imithetho enemininingwane yokusebenzisa kanye ibalazwe lomgwaqo lobuchwepheshe.

Isabelo semakethe samabhethri kagesi wezinkampani zaseJapan sehlile.

Usekelo lwezezimali lwamabhethri emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Ohulumeni bamazwe amakhulu basebenzise ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo ngezinga elikhulu lamabhethri. Ukwengeza, i-Europe kanye ne-United States bakhuthaze amaketanga okuhlinzeka ngamabhethri esimeme ngezinyathelo ezinemikhawulo nezentela.

E-US

• Ukubuyekezwa kwe-lithium yebhethri yezinsuku eziyi-100;
• ¡ US$2.8 billion yokweseka ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri asekhaya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaminerali;
• Imikhiqizo enengxenye ephezulu yezinto zebhethri nezinto ezithengwe eNyakatho Melika noma emazweni anenkontileka ye-FTA izoba ngaphansi kwempatho yentela ye-EV ekhethwayo, ngokulandela uMthetho Wokwehliswa Kokwehla Nokwehla kwamandla emali.

EYurophu

• Ukusungulwa kwe-European Battery Alliance (EBA) ngokuhlanganyela kwezinkampani ezingama-500;
• Ibhethri, ukusekelwa kwezimali kwemboni yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokusekelwa kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe;
• Imikhawulo ye-Carbon footprint, izinhlolovo zamaminerali ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nemikhawulo yezinto ezigaywe kabusha ngaphansi kwe-(EU)2023/1542.

INingizimu Korea

• I-'K Battery Development Strategy': izinxephezelo zentela, ukukhululeka kwentela yokutshalwa kwezimali

China

• Ukukhuthaza imoto entsha yamandla;
• Ukusekelwa kwezimboni zamabhethri kanye nezinga lentela elincishisiwe (kusuka kumaphesenti angama-25 ukuya kumaphesenti ayi-15) ezinkampanini ezihlangabezana namazinga athile.

Ukuzindla ngezinqubomgomo ezedlule

• Kuze kube manje inqubomgomo yebhethri kanye nesu eliyinhloko ukugxila ekutshalweni kwezimali kukho konke ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri obuqinile.
• Eminyakeni yamuva, ngokusekelwa okuqinile kohulumeni, amabhizinisi aseShayina naseKorea abambene neJapane ngobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium-ion (LiB), ikakhulukazi esicini sezindleko, esiye sadlula iJapane emncintiswaneni wamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuncintisana kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali ezizimele kanye nezizimele emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa i-Europe ne-United States, kuya ngokuya kushuba. Nakuba inqubekelaphambili yenziwe ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bamabhethri e-solid-state yonke, kusenezinkinga ezizoxazululwa esikhathini esizayo, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe ye-LiB ewuketshezi iqhubeke isikhathi esithile.
• Izinkampani zaseJapan zigxila kuphela emakethe yasekhaya, azicabangi ngokugcwele ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke. Ngale ndlela, ngaphambi kokuthi kusetshenziswe amabhethri e-solid-state yonke, izinkampani zaseJapane zizobe sezikhathele futhi zingase zihoxe emakethe.

Isu lokuphromotha lekusasa

1. Nweba futhi wenze ngcono inqubomgomo yasekhaya ukuze kusungulwe umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza waseJapan ongu-150GWh ngo-2030.

• I-Battery Industry Association (BAJ) izophinda yethule uchungechunge lokubambisana nezinhlangano ezifana ne-Japan Electrical Industries Association (JEMA), okuhloswe ngayo ukunciphisa izindleko nokwandisa inani elengeziwe lomkhiqizo, kanye nokukhuthaza ucwaningo lokuhlanganisa isistimu yebhethri.
• I-Japan Battery Supply Chain Association (BASC) izolandelela inqubekelaphambili yakamuva yokutshalwa kwezimali kwemboni yezinkampani ezingamalungu, ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhulumeni kanye nemboni ezimele ukuqinisa ngokubambisana ukutshalwa kwezimali kusisekelo sokukhiqiza amabhethri asekhaya nezinto ezibonakalayo.
• Ukudala izinzuzo ezintsha kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amabhethri obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukile ngokuphromotha ukuguqulwa kwedijithali (DX) kanye noguquko oluluhlaza (GX)

1. Sukwakheka okunobuhlakani kobudlelwano bomhlaba kanye namazinga omhlaba

• Izokwenza inkhulumomphendvulwano esebenzayo kanye nokubambisana namanye amazwe (izifunda) ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngamabhethri emhlabeni wonke, ucwaningo nentuthuko, ukushintshana ngolwazi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwemithetho ehlobene nokusimama kwebhethri, futhi isheshise ukusungulwa kwemifelandawonye yamasu omhlaba. Ukwengeza, i-BASC yenza inkhulumomphendvulwano nokubambisana namaqembu afanele phesheya kwezilwandle ngokombono wokubambisana kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kanye nokuxhumanisa izikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa nokugaywa kabusha kwezinto zensimbi zamabhethri, ukwakhiwa kwezixazululo zedijithali zebhethri nezinye izingqalasizinda zezohwebo.
• Ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, njengezindlela zokubala ze-carbon footprint, ukukhuthala, izingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokusimama. Ngomhlangano we-IEC 63369 omayelana nendlela yokubala ye-CFP carbon footprint yamabhethri e-lithium, i-BAJ izonikela ekuthuthukiseni amazinga abonisa izimangalo zase-Japan.
• Ngemuva kokwamukelwa okuhlongozwayo kokuhlolwa kwesekethe emfishane eyisibopho kanye nokuhlola okomlilo okulingisiwe (IEC 62619), i-BAJ izoqhubeka nokuhola izingxoxo mayelana nokumiswa kwasekhaya nokwamazwe ngamazwe kokuphepha kwebhethri, ukusebenza, njll.
• I-BAJ izosebenzisana ne-NITE (Ingqalasizinda Yezobuchwepheshe Kazwelonke Yase-Japan Yokuhlola Umkhiqizo) ukuhlola indlela yokuhlola ukuphepha nokusebenza kwamabhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-JEMA izophinde ihlole ukukhuthazwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwezixazululo ezisebenzisa imithombo yamandla esabalalisiwe okuhlanganisa namabhethri enziwe e-Japan.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwebhethri ngezinjongo ezintsha namasevisi ahlobene. Isibonelo, amandla emakethe yomhlaba wonke yemikhumbi kagesi, izindiza, imishini yezolimo, njll. futhi uhlole ukusekelwa kwamabhethri ukuze athole izimakethe zaphesheya futhi akhuthaze ukungena kwamabhizinisi amasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzophinde kuxoxwe ngokuphromotha kwe-V2X eholwa yi-V2H (Vehicle to Home).

1. Qinisekisa izinsiza ezikhuphuka nomfula

• Ukuvikela ukwesekwa kwezinsiza zezinkampani (ukunwetshwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye neminye inqubomgomo encane, ukuqinisa umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa izikweletu (ukukhulula izimo zesiqinisekiso sokuqedwa)). Ukuqinisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamabhizinisi nezinkampani ezisebenzisa amabhethri, abakhiqizi, izikhungo zezezimali zikahulumeni, njll., kanye nokuhlola izinhlelo zokwakha uhlelo lokuqinisekisa amalungelo nezintshisekelo.
• Ukuze kuqinisekiswe amalungelo nezintshisakalo, ukubambisana namazwe afanele kuzoqiniswa ngokubamba amasemina okutshalwa kwezimali kanye nemihlangano ehlanganyelwe yangasese neyomphakathi namazwe aphethe izinsiza (i-Australia, iNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika, njll.) ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo nezithakazelo ezikhuphukayo.
• Ukukhuthaza ukudidiyelwa kwezimbiwa emhlabeni jikelele. Minyaka yonke i-BASC izokwenza ucwaningo lwemibuzo nezinkampani ezingamalungu njengomgomo wokulandelela isimo sakamuva sokutshalwa kwezimali embonini.

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besizukulwane esisha

• Ukukhuthaza ucwaningo nentuthuko ngokusebenzisana kwemboni-yezemfundo nohulumeni. Ukuqinisa ukusekelwa kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri yesizukulwane esilandelayo nge-Green Innovation Fund, njll. Ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo nezinto ezigxile kumabhethri esimo esiqinile (okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukiswa kwesisekelo sokuhlola), kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa kabusha. Cishe ngo-2030, ihlose ukubona ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwamabhethri e-solid-state, kanye nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri okuhlanganisa amabhethri aqanjwe kabusha (i-halide, amabhethri e-zinc anode, njll.)
• Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlola ukusebenza kanye nezindawo zokuhlola ukuphepha zamabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo, njll.
• Ukuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezindawo zocwaningo nentuthuko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza zabantu kumabhethri kanye namabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo afakiwe.

1. Dala imakethe yasekhaya

• Ukukhuthaza ukusabalala kwezimoto zikagesi. Ngo-2035, u-100% wezimoto ezintsha ezithengiswayo zizoba izimoto zikagesi, futhi zisekele ukuthengwa nokushaja ingqalasizinda yokwakhiwa kwezimoto zikagesi.
• Ukugqugquzela ukuthandwa kwamabhethri ukuze ugcine amandla, futhi uzame ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa okusha
• ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri, ukuhlola izindawo ezintsha zokufaka izicelo, ukukhuthaza ngokuphelele ukuhlukahluka kwezimakethe ezifunwayo, futhi kukhuthaze ngokugcwele amandla okuthuthukiswa embonini yebhethri.
• Maqondana nohlelo lokugcina amandla oluxhunywe ohlelweni lwegridi kagesi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi luzoba yingxenye yengqalasizinda yamandla kagesi esikhathini esizayo, i-BAJ izosebenzisana namaqembu afanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kohlelo lokulondoloza kanye nokuphepha okudingekayo njengengqalasizinda yamandla kagesi.

1. Qinisa ukuqeqeshwa kwethalente

• Ukusungula “Isikhungo Sokuqeqesha Ithalente Lebhethri le-Kansai” esifundeni sase-Kansai lapho kugxilwe khona izimboni ezihlobene nebhethri, nokusebenzisa imishini yokuhlaziya ethuthukisiwe ye-Kansai Development Centre kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza amabhethri ukuze kuqhutshwe ukufundisa emkhakheni.

1. Qinisa ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri yasekhaya kanye nendawo yokusebenzisa

• Ukuze usethe umgomo wesistimu yasekhaya yokugaywa kabusha ngaphambi kuka-2030, qhubeka uqonde ukujikeleza kwamabhethri ahlakaziwe, uqinise amandla okugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri asetshenzisiwe, Tadisha futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvula imakethe yamabhethri asetshenziswe kabusha, futhi wakhe isisekelo sokugaywa kabusha. I-BASC izothuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha okujwayelekile kanye nezingxoxo ezindinganisweni zebhethri okulula ukugaywa kabusha, njll. I-JEMA izokwakha ngokuhlanganyela izixazululo zokuphinda zigaywe kabusha zezinhlelo zokuhlala ze-lithium-ion zokugcina.
• Ukukhuthaza izingxoxo mayelana nokuphakelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo nezindlela zokusatshalaliswa ezizosiza ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwezimboni. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokukhiqiza enhle yokukhiqiza amabhethri (umhlaba oshibhile nogesi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxoxo mayelana nezinhlelo zokunciphisa izikweletu zikagesi zaseJapane zizokhuthazwa ngokulawula izindleko zamandla, njll.
• Ukubuyekezwa kwemithethonqubo efanele (Umthetho Wokuvikela Umlilo). I-BAJ iphinde ibandakanye ezinhlelweni zokudingida kabusha izinhlinzeko ezifanele zomthetho wokuvikela umlilo, okuhlanganisa: ① mayelana nokuhlukahluka kanye nomthamo omkhulu wezinhlobo zamabhethri (umthamo 4800Ah, ukubuyekezwa kwemithetho yeyunithi); ②Mayelana nokuhlola kabusha ngokusekelwe kuzici zemishini yebhethri. (Ngenxa yokuthi kunezingozi zokuphepha ezifana nomlilo wamabhethri, uMthetho Wokuvikela Umlilo wase-Japan uzibheka njengezimpahla eziyingozi futhi ulawula ngokuqinile ukugcinwa nokufakwa kwamabhethri. Amabhethri asebenzayo alawulwa “Ngomthetho Wokuvikela Umlilo” amabhethri ezimboni anomthamo ongu-4800Ah ( ilingana no-17.76kWh) noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukuhlanganisa i-hardware ne-software interfaces ehlobene nemishini yokukhiqiza

IN FISHA

Ukuhlaziywa okuvela enguqulweni entsha yaseJapan “yesu Lemboni Yebhethri”

I-1) I-Japan izophinde igcizelele imakethe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion ewuketshezi futhi iqinise ukuncintisana kwamanye amazwe kwamabhethri ezindaweni ezintathu ezilandelayo: ukusimama (i-Carbon footprint, ukugaywa kabusha, ukuphepha kwebhethri); Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali (ukukhiqiza nokuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IoT, izinsizakalo ezihlobene nebhethri, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa) kanye nokuguqulwa okuluhlaza (ukuthuthukiswa kwebhethri yesimo esiqinile, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla).

I-2) I-Japan izoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imizamo yayo emkhakheni wamabhethri e-solid-state kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-solid state ngo-2030.

3) Ukukhuthaza ukuthandwa kwezimoto zikagesi emakethe yasekhaya futhi uqaphele ukufakwa kukagesi kuzo zonke izimoto

4) Ukunaka ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri, ukwenza amazinga okusebenzisa kabusha, ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokugaywa kabusha, ukuthuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri, njll.

Kusukela kule nqubomgomo yemboni yebhethri, kungabonakala ukuthi i-Japan isiqalile ukubona amaphutha enqubomgomo yabo yamandla esikhathini esidlule. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinqubomgomo ezisanda kwakhiwa zihambisana kakhulu nezimo zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, ikakhulukazi izinqubomgomo zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-solid-state kanye nebhethri.