I-European Commission ishicilele okusalungiswa kweMithetho Ethunyelwe emibili ehlobene ne-EU 2023/1542 (Umthetho Omusha Webhethri), okuyizindlela zokubala nezindlela zokumemezela ze-carbon footprint yebhethri.

I-New Battery Regulation ibeka izidingo ze-carbon footprint yomjikelezo wempilo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okuqondile akuzange kushicilelwe ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuphendula izidingo ze-carbon footprint zamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi ezizosetshenziswa ngo-Agasti 2025, lezi zikweletu ezimbili zicacisa izindlela zokubala nokuqinisekisa ukunyatheliswa kwazo kwekhabhoni yomjikelezo wokuphila.

Lezi zikweletu ezimbili ezisalungiswa zizoba nokuphawula kwenyanga eyodwa kanye nesikhathi sempendulo kusukela ngomhlaka-30 Ephreli 2024 kuya kuMeyi 28, 2024.

Izimfuneko zokubala ze-carbon footprint

Umthethosivivinywa ucacisa imithetho yokubala izinyathelo zekhabhoni, ucacisa iyunithi yokusebenza, umngcele wesistimu, nemithetho yokunqanyulwa. Leli phephabhuku lichaza kakhulu incazelo yeyunithi yokusebenza nezimo zomngcele wesistimu.

Iyunithi esebenzayo

Incazelo:Isamba samandla esinikezwe ibhethri ngesikhathi sesevisi yebhethri (E_ingqikithi), evezwe ngo-kWh.

Ifomula yokubala:

Lapho

a)Amandla wamandlaamandla asebenzisekayo ebhethri ku-kWh ekuqaleni kwempilo, okungukuthi amandla atholakalayo kumsebenzisi lapho ekhipha ibhethri elisha eligcwaliswe ngokugcwele kuze kube umkhawulo wokukhipha obekwe isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri..

b)I-FEqC ngonyaka inombolo evamile yemijikelezo yokukhipha imali elingana ngokugcwele ngonyaka. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamabhethri emoto, amanani alandelayo kufanele asetshenziswe.

c)Yizindlebe zokusebenzakunqunywa iwaranti yezentengiselwano ngokwemithetho elandelayo:

1. Ubude besikhathi sewaranti kubhethri eminyakeni buyasebenza.
2. Uma singekho iwaranti ethile ebhethrini, kodwa iwaranti yemoto lapho ibhethri izosetshenziswa khona, noma izingxenye zemoto ezihlanganisa ibhethri, isikhathi saleso siqinisekiso siyasebenza.
3. Ngendlela yokwehliswa kwamaphuzu i) kanye no-ii), uma ubude besikhathi sewaranti sivezwa kuyo yomibili iminyaka namakhilomitha noma ngabe iyiphi okufinyelelwe kuyo kuqala, inombolo emfishane yalezi ezimbili eminyakeni iyasebenza. Ngale njongo, isici sokuguqula esingu-20.000 km esilingana nonyaka owodwa sizosetshenziswa ukuze amabhethri ahlanganiswe ezimotweni ezisebenza ukukhanya; 5.000 km okulingana unyaka owodwa ukuze amabhethri ahlanganiswe ezithuthuthu; kanye no-60.000 km okulingana unyaka owodwa ukuze amabhethri ahlanganiswe nezimoto ze-medium duty kanye ne-heavy duty.
4. Uma ibhethri lisetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi kanye nemiphumela yendlela esephuzwini ii) futhi, lapho kufanele, iii) izohluka phakathi kwalezo zimoto, iwaranti engumphumela emfushane kakhulu iyasebenza.
5. Amawaranti kuphela ahlobene namandla asele angu-70% wamandla asebenzisekayo ebhethri ku-kWh ekuqaleni kokuphila noma ngaphezulu kwevelu yawo yokuqala azocatshangelwa kumaphuzu i) kuya ku-iv). Iziqinisekiso ezikhipha ngokusobala noma yiziphi izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwebhethri noma ezikhawulela ukusetshenziswa noma ukugcinwa kwebhethri ngaphandle kwezimo ezingaphakathi kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwalawo bhethri ngeke zinakwe kumaphuzu i) iv).
6. Uma singekho iwaranti noma iwaranti kuphela engahambisani nezidingo ezingaphansi kwephuzu (v), kuyosetshenziswa inani leminyaka emihlanu, ngaphandle kwezimo lapho iwaranti ingasebenzi, njengalapho kungekho ukudluliswa kobunikazi ibhethri noma imoto, lapho umkhiqizi webhethri ezonquma inani leminyaka yokusebenza futhi alithethelele kunguqulo esesidlangalaleni yocwaningo lwe-carbon footprint.

Umngcele wesistimu

(1).Ukuthola impahla eluhlaza kanye nokucutshungulwa kwangaphambili

Lesi sigaba somjikelezo wempilo sihlanganisa yonke imisebenzi ngaphambi kwesigaba esikhulu sokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa:

l Ukukhishwa kwezinsiza ezivela emvelweni nasekucutshungulweni kwazo kusengaphambili kuze kube ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezingxenyeni zomkhiqizo ezingena ngesango lesikhungo sokuqala esiwela ngaphansi kwesigaba somjikelezo wokuphila wokukhiqiza umkhiqizo omkhulu.

l Ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nemikhiqizo emaphakathi ngaphakathi, phakathi nokubuya ezimbonini zokumbiwa kanye nezicutshungulwayo kuze kube indawo yokuqala engena ngaphansi kwesigaba somjikelezo wokuphila wokukhiqiza umkhiqizo omkhulu.

l Ukukhiqizwa kwezanduleli zezinto ezisebenzayo ze-cathode, izanduleli zezinto ezisebenzayo ze-anode, izinyibilikisi zikasawoti we-electrolyte, amapayipi kanye noketshezi lwesistimu ye-thermal conditioning.

(2).Ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo oyinhloko

Lesi sigaba somjikelezo wempilo sifaka ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri okuhlanganisa naleyo yazo zonke izingxenye eziqukethwe ngokoqobo noma ezinamathiselwe unomphela endlini yebhethri. Lesi sigaba somjikelezo wempilo sihlanganisa le misebenzi elandelayo:

l Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-Cathode;

l Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-anode, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-graphite nekhabhoni eqinile kusuka kubanduleli bayo;

l Ukukhiqizwa kwe-anode kanye ne-cathode, okuhlanganisa ukuxutshwa kwezingxenye ze-inki, ukumbozwa kukayinki kubaqoqi, ukomiswa, ukufakwa kwekhalenda, nokusika;

l Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Electrolyte, okuhlanganisa ukuxuba usawoti we-electrolyte;

l Ukuhlanganisa izindlu kanye nohlelo lwe-thermal conditioning system;

l Ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zeseli zibe iseli yebhethri, okuhlanganisa ukunqwabelanisa/ukusongwa kwama-electrode nesihlukanisi, ukuhlangana kwesakhiwo seseli noma isikhwama, umjovo we-electrolyte, ukuvalwa kweseli, ukuhlolwa kanye nokwakheka kukagesi;

l Ukuhlanganisa amaseli abe amamojula/iphakethe okuhlanganisa izingxenye zikagesi/i-electronic, izindlu, nezinye izakhi ezifanele;

l Ukuhlanganisa amamojula ngezinto zikagesi/i-elekthronikhi, izindlu, nezinye izakhi ezifanele zibe ibhethri eliphelile;

l Ukuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo yokugcina nephakathi ukuyisa endaweni lapho isetshenziswa khona;

(3).Ukusabalalisa

Lesi sigaba somjikelezo wempilo simboza ukuthuthwa kwebhethri ukusuka endaweni yokukhiqiza ibhethri kuze kube yilapho ibhethri libekwe emakethe. Imisebenzi yesitoreji ayikhaviwe.

(4).Ukuphela kwempilo nokugaywa kabusha

Lesi sigaba somjikelezo wempilo siqala lapho ibhethri noma imoto okufakwe kuyo ibhethri ilahlwa noma ilahlwa umsebenzisi futhi siphela lapho ibhethri elithintekayo libuyiselwa emvelweni njengomkhiqizo olahliwe noma lingena umjikelezo wokuphila womunye umkhiqizo njengento egaywe kabusha. Lesi sigaba somjikelezo wempilo sihlanganisa okungenani le misebenzi elandelayo:

l Ukuqoqwa kukadoti webhethri;

l Ukuqedwa kwebhethri;

l Ukwelashwa okushisayo noma ngomshini, njengokugaya amabhethri emfucuza;

l Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kweseli yebhethri njengokwelashwa kwe-pyrometallurgical kanye ne-hydrometallurgical;

l Ukwehlukaniswa nokuguqulwa kube impahla egaywe kabusha, njengokugaywa kabusha kwe-aluminium kusuka ku-casing;

l Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhodi lezintambo eziphrintiwe (PWB);

l Ukubuyiselwa nokulahlwa kwamandla.

Qaphela: Imithelela yokuthuthwa kwemoto engcolile iye kumkhumuli wemoto, wokuthuthwa kwamabhethri emfucumfucu isuka esikhumulweni semoto iye endaweni ehlakazwayo, yokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwamabhethri emfucumfucu, njengokukhishwa emotweni, ukulahlwa. nokuhlunga, kanye nokuhlakazwa kwebhethri nezingxenye zalo, akumboziwe.

Okulandelayo akumbozwa yinoma yisiphi izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo:ukwenziwa kwempahla enkulu, okuhlanganisa nemishini; ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokupakisha; noma iyiphi ingxenye, njengesistimu ye-thermal conditioning, engaqukethwe ngokoqobo noma enamathiselwe unomphela endlini; okokufaka okusizayo ezimbonini zokukhiqiza ezingahlobene ngokuqondile nenqubo yokukhiqiza ibhethri, okuhlanganisa ukushisa nokukhanyisa kwamakamelo amahhovisi ahlobene, izinsizakalo zesibili, izinqubo zokuthengisa, iminyango yokuphatha kanye nocwaningo; ukuhlangana kwebhethri ngaphakathi kwemoto.

Umthetho wokusika:Okokufaka okubalulekile kwengxenye yesistimu ngayinye, okokufaka nokuphumayo kugeleza ngesisindo esingaphansi kuka-1% kungashaywa indiva. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ibhalansi yesisindo, inqwaba elahlekile idinga ukungezwa ekugelezeni kokufaka kwezinto ezinomnikelo ophakeme kakhulu we-carbon footprint ezingxenyeni zesistimu ezifanele.

Ukunqunywa kungase kusetshenziswe esigabeni sokutholwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nesigaba somjikelezo wokuphila ngaphambi kokucubungula kanye nasesigabeni somjikelezo wokuphila wokukhiqiza umkhiqizo omkhulu.

Ukwengeza kulokhu okungenhla, okusalungiswa kufaka phakathi izidingo zokuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi. Uma ukubalwa kwe-carbon footprint sekuqediwe, ulwazi oluphusile mayelana nokubala kwe-carbon footprint nalo kumele luhlinzekwe kubathengi nabanye abasebenzisi bokugcina. Izohlaziywa futhi ihunyushwe ngokuningiliziwe kujenali yesikhathi esizayo.

Izidingo zesimemezelo se-carbon footprint

Ifomethi yesimemezelo se-carbon footprint kufanele ibe njengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni ongenhla, nokuqukethwe okulandelayo:

l Umkhiqizi (okuhlanganisa igama, inombolo kamazisi yokubhalisa noma uphawu lokuthengisa olubhalisiwe)

l Imodeli yebhethri (ikhodi yokuhlonza)

l Ikheli lomkhiqizi webhethri

l I-carbon footprint yomjikelezo wempilo (【ubuningi】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

Isigaba somjikelezo wempilo:

l Ukutholwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nokucubungula ngaphambili (【inani】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

l Ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo oyinhloko (【inani】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

l Ukusabalalisa (【inani】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

l Ukuphela kwempilo nokugaywa kabusha (【inani】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

l Inombolo kamazisi yesimemezelo se-EU sokuvumelana

l Isixhumanisi sewebhu esinikeza ukufinyelela kunguqulo yomphakathi yocwaningo esekela amanani e-carbon footprint (noma yiluphi ulwazi olwengeziwe)

Isiphetho

Zombili izikweletu zisavuliwe ukuze kuphawulwe ngazo. I-European Commission iqaphele ukuthi okusalungiswa akukakamukelwa noma akukavunyelwa. Uhlaka lokuqala lumane luwumbono wokuqala wemisebenzi yeKhomishana futhi akufanele noma kanjani luthathwe njengenkomba yesikhundla esisemthethweni seKhomishana.