Kunezizathu ezimbili zokuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-NEV (Izimoto Ezintsha Zamandla) sekuphenduke inkambiso. Okokuqala, ngemva kokubhapathizwa kwemakethe yasekhaya, amabhizinisi aseChina e-NEV asungule izinzuzo zomkhiqizo futhi aphuma ezweni ukuze abambe imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Okwesibili, ngaphansi kwesikhalo senhlangano yesimo sezulu samazwe ngamazwe, amazwe amaningi aseqalile ukwenza izinqubomgomo zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto kwamanye amazwe kwakuyindlela evamile yokuthutha olwandle, kodwa manje ukusetshenziswa komzila wesitimela kuya ngokuya kuthandwa ngabathumeli. Lokhu kungenxa yokushintsha okungazelelwe kwesimo samazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuvuthwa kwezokuthutha kwezitimela zaseSino-European. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula izidingo zokuthutha ngololiwe ngokusekelwe kunqubomgomo yasekhaya kanye nemibhalo yeNhlangano Yezitimela Ezisebenzisanayo.

Ngo-April 2023, i-National Railway Administration, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, kanye ne-National Railway Group ngokuhlanganyela bakhipha imibono yokweseka ezokuthutha zikaloliwe ze-NEV kanye nokusebenzela imboni ye-NEV. Ezimotweni ze-plug-in hybrid noma ezihlanzekile zikagesi zezimpahla zamandla amasha ezishayelwa amabhethri e-lithium ion futhi afakiwe kububanziAbakhiqizi Bezimoto Zomgwaqo kanye Nesimemezelo Somkhiqizo woMnyangoye-Industrial and Information Technology (abahlinzeki bamandla abasha abathekelisa abekho ngaphansi kwalo mkhawulo), ezokuthutha zikaloliwe ze-NEV aziphathwa njengezimpahla eziyingozi, futhi abathwali baphatha ezokuthutha. Lokhu kuhambisana nezidingo ze-Imithetho Yokulawulwa Kokuphepha Kwesitimela, Ithebulakwe SafetySukuqapha kanyeMukulawulwa kweDngolakaGoodsUloliwe Tezemidlalo(GB 12268) neminye imithetho, izimiso kanye namazinga afanelekile.

Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi: Okokuqala, ukuthuthwa kwamandla amasha ohlelweni lwesitimela sasekhaya akuzona ezezimpahla eziyingozi. Okwesibili, uma i-NEV idinga ezokuthutha ezihlangene zamazwe ngamazwe, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zasekhaya, izinhlinzeko ezifanele zeNhlangano Yokubambisana Kwesitimela nazo zizolandelwa.

Ezokuthutha Zasekhaya

Nakuba ezokuthutha ohlelweni lwesitimela sasekhaya zingathuthwa njengempahla engeyona ingozi, kubalulekile ukunaka:

1, Ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwezimoto zempahla yamandla amasha, umthumeli kufanele anikeze izitifiketi zefekthri zezimoto zempahla yamandla amasha (ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto zempahla yamandla amasha azikho ngaphansi kwalo mkhawulo). Izitifiketi kufanele zihambisane nomthwalo wangempela wemikhiqizo yezimoto zempahla.

2. Isimo sokushaja ibhethri nesimo sethangi likaphethiloli. Isimo sokushajwa kwebhethri lamandla emoto entsha yempahla yamandla akumele seqe ama-65%. Akukho ukuvuza nezinye izinkinga lapho ikhava yembobo yethangi ye-plug-in hybrid yemoto kagesi ivaliwe. Amafutha akufanele agcwaliswe noma akhishwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha ngololiwe.

3, Ngaphezu kwamabhethri ahlanganisiwe, awekho amabhethri ayisipele namanye amabhethri ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwezimoto zempahla yamandla amasha. Ngaphezu kwezinto ezidingekayo ezifakwe efekthri, azikho ezinye izinto okufanele zithwalwe ngaphakathi kwemoto entsha yempahla yamandla kanye nasemgqonyeni.

IngamazweCkuhlanganisiweTezemidlalo

Izophinde ihambisane nezidingo ze-Imithetho Yokuthuthwa Kwempahla Eyingozi, Isijobelelo No. 2 kuya kuIsivumelwano se-International Movement of Goods by RailweNhlangano Yezokusebenzelana Kwezitimela (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi Isithasiselo No. 2). I-Railway Cooperation Organisation yinhlangano esebenzisana nohulumeni. Kunamazwe angamalungu angama-27 (kusukela ngo-Agasti 2011): i-Azerbaijan, Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Viet Nam, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, China, North Korea, Cuba, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Czech Republic kanye ne-Estonia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengezingqapheli ezizojoyina iNhlangano Yezitimela Zokubambisana yiJalimane (ujantshi wesitimela waseJalimane), iFrance (ujantshi wesitimela waseFrance), iGreece (ujantshi wesiGreki), iFinland (ujantshi wesitimela waseFinland), iSerbia (ujantshi wesitimela waseSerbia) kanye nezinye izitimela zezwe lonke. Gier-Choppron-Ebinfuerte Railway Company (Gieschofu ujantshi). I-Railway Cooperation Organisation cishe ihlanganisa isitimela sase-Europe Ephakathi sinqamula amazwe.

Ohlwini Lwezimpahla Eziyingozi, Ingxenye 3 Yesijobelelo 2, Imibandela Ekhethekile - ukukhululwa enanini elilinganiselwe nenani elikhethekile: izimoto ezisebenza ngamabhethri noma izinto ezisebenza ngamabhethri, ezinenombolo ye-UN UN 3171, azikho ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yeSijobelelo 2 iIsivumelwano se-International Movement of Goods by Rail. Sicela ubhekisele ku-Athikili Ekhethekile 240 yeSahluko 3.3. Izidingo eziyinhloko ze-Special Article 240 yilezi:

1, Ibhethri noma iphakethe lebhethri lihlangabezana nezidingo zakho zonke izivivinyo eziseNgxenyeni III, 38.3 yeIncwadi Yokuhlola Nemibandela;

2, Amabhethri namaphakethe ebhethri azokhiqizwa ngokuya ngesistimu yokulawula ikhwalithi elandelayo;

3, Izimoto ezisebenza ngebhethri ze-UN3171, izimoto zifaka kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwamaphakethe ebhethri eliwuketshezi namabhethri e-sodium, amaphakethe ebhethri ensimbi ye-lithium noma amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium-ion izimoto ezinamandla, zingathuthwa ngemva kokufaka lawa mabhethri.

Isiphetho

Kuhlanganiswe nezidingo zokuthutha zohlelo lukaloliwe lwasekhaya kanye neNhlangano Yezitimela Ezisebenzisanayo, ukuthutha kukaloliwe i-NEV kudinga ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

1, Iphakethe lebhethri lihlangabezana nezidingo ze-UN38.3.

2, Imboni yebhethri kufanele ithole isitifiketi sesistimu yekhwalithi.

3, Ngaphambi kokuhamba, umthwalo webhethri akufanele udlule u-65%.

4, Lapho uthutha futhi upakisha, amabhethri ayisipele noma amanye amabhethri akufanele afakwe ephaketheni.

5, Umthumeli kufanele anikeze izitifiketi zefekthri zezimoto zempahla yamandla amasha (ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto ezintsha zempahla yamandla akukho ngaphansi kwalo mkhawulo).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izwe okuyiwa kulo lingekho ku-Railway Cooperation Organisation, njengeSpain. Ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezingenhla, izimfuneko ze-RID nazo zizocatshangelwa.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana ujantshiindlelaezokuthutha, sicela uxhumane ne-MCM.