Ingemuva

Ukushintsha amandla emoto kagesi kubhekisela ekushintsheni ibhethri lamandla ukuze ugcwalise amandla ngokushesha, ukuxazulula inkinga yejubane lokushaja elihamba kancane kanye nomkhawulo weziteshi zokushaja. Ibhethri lamandla liphathwa isisebenzisi ngendlela ebumbene, esiza ukuhlela ngokunengqondo amandla okushaja, ukunweba impilo yesevisi yebhethri, nokwenza lula ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Omsebenzi Wokulinganisa Kwezimoto Onyakeni Ka-2022 akhishwe nguMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ngoMashi 2022, nawo owasho isidingo sokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kokushaja nokufaka esikhundleni sezinhlelo namazinga.

Isimo esikhona sokuthuthukiswa kokushintshwa kwamandla

Njengamanje, imodi yokushintsha amandla isetshenziswe kabanzi futhi yakhuthazwa, futhi ubuchwepheshe buye benza inqubekelaphambili enkulu. Obunye ubuchwepheshe obusha busetshenziswe esiteshini samandla ebhethri, njengokushintshwa kwamandla okuzenzakalelayo kanye nesevisi ehlakaniphile. Amazwe amaningi nezifunda emhlabeni wonke amukele ubuchwepheshe bokushintshwa kwebhethri lamandla, okuyiChina, Japan, United States kanye namanye amazwe asetshenziswa kakhulu. Abakhiqizi abaningi bebhethri nabakhiqizi bezimoto baqala ukujoyina imboni, futhi ezinye izinkampani seziqalile ukuhlola nokukhuthaza ngezicelo ezingokoqobo.

Kusukela ngo-2014, i-Tesla yethula isiteshi sayo sokushintsha amandla ebhethri, ihlinzeka abasebenzisi ngezinsizakalo zokushintsha ibhethri ngokushesha ukuze bathole uhambo olude lomgwaqo emgwaqeni omkhulu. Kuze kube manje, i-Tesla isungule iziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-20 esikhundleni sikagesi eCalifornia nakwezinye izindawo. Ezinye izinkampani zaseDutch zethule izixazululo eziyingxube ezisekelwe ekushajeni okusheshayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushintsha amandla ebhethri okokuqala ngqa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iSingapore, i-United States, iSweden, iJordani namanye amazwe nezifunda athuthukise iziteshi zokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi ezithuthuke kakhulu nezinkulu.

Amabhizinisi amaningana emkhakheni wezimoto zamandla amasha adonse ukunaka okukhulu eChina aseqala ukunaka futhi ahlole ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano kwemodeli yokushintshwa kwamandla emoto kagesi. Imodi yokubuyisela amandla esetshenziswa yi-NIO, umkhiqizi wezimoto ezintsha zasekhaya owaziwayo, imodi ekhethekile, evumela umnikazi ukuthi ashintshe ibhethri ngebhethri egcwele ngokugcwele kungakapheli imizuzu engu-3.

Emkhakheni wezokuthutha zomphakathi, imodi yokushintsha amandla ivame kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-Ningde Times ibambisene neSifunda sase-Nanshan sase-Shenzhen ukuze inikeze amabhethri kagesi kagesi angu-500, futhi yakha iziteshi zokushintshwa kwamandla angu-30. I-Jingdong yakhe iziteshi ezishintsha ugesi ezingaphezu kwe-100 e-Beijing, e-Shanghai, e-Guangzhou, e-Shenzhen nakwamanye amadolobha, ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisheshayo nezilula zokushintshwa kwebhethri ezimotweni ze-logistics.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesikimu sokushintshwa kwamandla

Kulesi sigaba, izindlela eziyinhloko zokushintsha amandla emakethe ukushintshwa kwamandla ka-chassis, ikhabethe elingaphambili/ukushintshwa kwamandla angemuva kanye nokushintshwa kwamandla odonga oluseceleni.

• Cukushintshwa kwamandla e-hassis kubhekisela endleleni yokukhipha iphakethe lebhethri lokuqala engxenyeni engezansi ye-chassis bese ushintsha iphakethe lebhethri elisha, elisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezimoto, i-SUV, i-MPV kanye nezimoto ezilula, futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu I-BAIC, i-NIO, i-Tesla njalonjalo. Lesi sikimu sifinyeleleka kalula njengoba isikhathi sokushintsha ibhethri sisifushane futhi nezinga le-automation liphezulu, kodwa sidinga ukwakha isiteshi esisha esingashintshi samandla futhi sengeze amathuluzi amasha okushintsha amandla.
• Ikhabhinethi yangaphambili/ukushintsha amandla ngemuva kusho ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri lihlelwa ngaphambili/ngemuva kwemoto, ngokuvula ikhabethe/isiqu sangaphambili ukuze kukhishwe bese kushintshwa iphakethe lebhethri elisha. Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezimoto, okwamanje ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eLifan, SKIO njalonjalo. Lolu hlelo aludingi amathuluzi amasha okushintsha amandla, futhi lubona ukushintshwa kwamandla ngokusebenza mathupha kwezingalo eziwumshini. Izindleko ziphansi, kodwa zidinga abantu ababili ukusebenzisana, okuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kungasebenzi kahle.
• Ukushintshwa kwamandla odongeni oluseceleni kusho ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri liyakhishwa eceleni futhi esikhundleni salo kufakwe iphakethe lebhethri elisha, elisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezimoto zabagibeli namaloli, futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqeqesheni. Kulolu hlelo, ukuhlelwa kwebhethri yiyona enengqondo kakhulu, kodwa udonga oluseceleni ludinga ukuvulwa, okuzothinta ukubukeka kwemoto.

Izinkinga ezikhona

• Amaphakethe ebhethri anhlobonhlobo: Amaphakethe ebhethri asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi emakethe amabhethri e-ternary lithium-ion, amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate, amabhethri e-sodium-ion, njll. Ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha amandla emoto kagesi kumele buhambisane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zebhethri. amaphakethe.
• Ukulinganisa amandla okunzima: iphakethe lebhethri lemoto ngayinye kagesi lihlukile, futhi isiteshi sokushintsha amandla emoto kagesi sidinga ukuzuza ukufanisa amandla. Okungukuthi, ukunikeza imoto ngayinye kagesi engena esiteshini ngephakethe lebhethri elifana namandla eliwadingayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiteshi sikagesi sidinga ukuhambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobo zezimoto zikagesi, okubuye kube nezinselele ekufezekeni kobuchwepheshe nokulawulwa kwezindleko.
• Izinkinga zokuphepha: Iphakethe lebhethri lingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zezimoto zikagesi, futhi isiteshi esishintsha amandla sezimoto zikagesi sidinga ukusebenza phezu kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwephakethe lebhethri.
• Izindleko zemishini ephezulu: iziteshi zokushintsha amandla emoto kagesi zidinga ukuthenga inani elikhulu lamaphakethe ebhethri kanye nemishini yokushintsha, izindleko ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.

Ukuze unikeze ukudlala okuhle kobuchwepheshe bokushintsha amandla, kuyadingeka ukufeza ukuhlanganisa amapharamitha ephakethe lebhethri lemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene namamodeli ahlukahlukene, uthuthukise ukushintshashintsha, futhi uzuze ubukhulu bephakethe lebhethri lamandla, ukulawula ukuxhumana, nokumatanisa kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa nokuhlanganiswa kwamazinga okushintsha amandla kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushintsha amandla esikhathini esizayo.