Ukuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium bekulokhu kukhathaza embonini. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo esikhethekile kanye nendawo yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi, uma kwenzeka ingozi yomlilo, izodala umonakalo wemishini, ukulahlekelwa kwempahla, ngisho nabalimala. Ngemuva komlilo webhethri ye-lithium, ukulahla kunzima, kuthatha isikhathi eside, futhi kuvame ukubandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu lamagesi anobuthi. Ngakho-ke, ukucisha umlilo okufika ngesikhathi kungalawula ngokuphumelelayo ukubhebhetheka komlilo, kugweme ukusha okukhulu, futhi kunikeze izisebenzi isikhathi esengeziwe sokubaleka.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubaleka okushisayo kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, intuthu, umlilo, ngisho nokuqhuma kuvame ukwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula inkinga yokubaleka okushisayo kanye nenkinga yokusabalalisa kube inselelo enkulu ebhekene nemikhiqizo yebhethri ye-lithium ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa. Ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokucisha umlilo kungavimbela ukusabalala okuqhubekayo kwebhethri elishisayo, elibaluleke kakhulu ukucindezela ukwenzeka komlilo.

Lesi sihloko sizokwethula izicishamlilo ezivamile nezindlela zokucima umlilo ezitholakalayo njengamanje emakethe, futhi sihlaziye izinzuzo nezinkinga zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezicishamlilo.

Izinhlobo zezicishamlilo

Njengamanje, izicisha-mlilo ezisemakethe zihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi zibe izicisha-mlilo zegesi, izicisha-mlilo ezisekelwe emanzini, izicisha-mlilo ze-aerosol kanye nezicishamlilo eziwumpushana ezomile. Ngezansi kunesethulo samakhodi nezici zohlobo ngalunye lwesicishamlilo.

I-Perfluorohexane: I-Perfluorohexane ifakwe kuhlu lwe-PFAS lwe-OECD kanye ne-US EPA. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-perfluorohexane njenge-ejenti yokucima umlilo kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho yendawo kanye nemithethonqubo futhi kuxhumane nama-ejensi alawula imvelo. Njengoba imikhiqizo ye-perfluorohexane ekuwohlokeni okushisayo ingamagesi abamba ukushisa, ayifanele ukufuthwa isikhathi eside, umthamo omkhulu, okuqhubekayo. Kunconywa ukuyisebenzisa ngokuhambisana nesistimu yokufafaza kwamanzi.

I-Trifluoromethane:Ama-ejenti e-Trifluoromethane akhiqizwa kuphela abakhiqizi abambalwa, futhi awekho amazinga athile kazwelonke alawula lolu hlobo lwe-ejenti yokucisha umlilo. Izindleko zokunakekela ziphezulu, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwayo akukhuthazwa.

I-Hexafluoropropane:Lesi sicishamlilo sijwayele ukulimaza amathuluzi noma okokusebenza ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi I-Global Warming Potential (GWP) yayo iphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke, i-hexafluoropropane ingasetshenziswa kuphela njenge-ejenti yesikhashana yokucisha umlilo.

IHeptafluoropropane:Ngenxa yomphumela we-greenhouse, kancane kancane ivinjelwa amazwe ahlukahlukene futhi izobhekana nokuqedwa. Njengamanje, ama-heptafluoropropane agents anqanyuliwe, okuzoholela ezinkingeni ekugcwaliseni kabusha izinhlelo ezikhona ze-heptafluoropropane ngesikhathi sokugcinwa. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akukhuthazwa.

I-Inert Gas:Kubandakanya i-IG 01, IG 100, IG 55, IG 541, phakathi kwayo i-IG 541 isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengesisebenzi sokucima umlilo esiluhlaza nesihambisana nemvelo. Kodwa-ke, inobubi bezindleko eziphezulu zokwakha, isidingo esikhulu samasilinda egesi, kanye nomsebenzi omkhulu wendawo.

I-ejenti esekelwe emanzini:Izicisha-mlilo zenkungu yamanzi zisetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi zinomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokupholisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi anomthamo omkhulu wokushisa othize, ongamunca ngokushesha inani elikhulu lokushisa, apholise izinto ezisebenzayo ezingaphenduliwe ngaphakathi kwebhethri futhi ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa okwengeziwe. Nokho, amanzi adala umonakalo omkhulu kumabhethri futhi awavimbeli, okuholela kumasekhethi amafushane ebhethri.

I-aerosol:Ngenxa yobungane bemvelo, ukungabi nabuthi, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokugcinwa kalula, i-aerosol isiphenduke i-ejenti evamile yokucisha umlilo. Kodwa-ke, i-aerosol ekhethiwe kufanele ihambisane nemithetho ye-UN kanye nemithetho yendawo kanye neziqondiso, futhi ukuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo kazwelonke kuyadingeka. Kodwa-ke, ama-aerosol awanawo amandla okupholisa, futhi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwawo, izinga lokushisa lebhethri lihlala liphezulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi isicishamlilo sesiyeke ukukhulula, ibhethri ijwayele ukuvutha.

Ukusebenza Kwezicishamlilo

I-State Key Laboratory yeSayensi Yomlilo e-University of Science and Technology yaseChina yenza ucwaningo oluqhathanisa imiphumela yokucisha umlilo ye-ABC powder dry, heptafluoropropane, amanzi, perfluorohexane, kanye nezicishamlilo ze-CO2 kubhethri ye-lithium-ion engu-38A.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwenqubo Yokucisha Umlilo

I-ABC powder dry, i-heptafluoropropane, amanzi, ne-perfluorohexane konke kungawucisha ngokushesha umlilo webhethri ngaphandle kokuvutha. Kodwa-ke, izicisha-mlilo ze-CO2 azikwazi ukucisha umlilo webhethri ngempumelelo futhi zingadala ukuvutha.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwemiphumela Yokucindezela Komlilo

Ngemuva kokushisa okushisayo, ukuziphatha kwamabhethri e-lithium ngaphansi kwesenzo sezicishamlilo kungahlukaniswa cishe ngezigaba ezintathu: isigaba sokupholisa, isigaba sokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha, kanye nesiteji sokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kancane.

Isigaba sokuqalayisigaba sokupholisa, lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo yebhethri lehla khona ngemva kokukhishwa kwesicishamlilo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yezizathu ezimbili:

• Ukungenisa umoya kwebhethri: Ngaphambi kokubaleka okushisayo kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, inani elikhulu lama-alkanes negesi ye-CO2 kunqwabelana ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Uma ibhethri lifinyelela umkhawulo walo wokucindezela, ivalvu yokuphepha iyavuleka, ikhiphe igesi enomfutho ophezulu. Le gesi ikhipha izinto ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwebhethri kuyilapho inikeza umphumela wokupholisa ebhethrini.
• Umthelela wesicishamlilo: Umthelela wokupholisa wesicishamlilo uvela ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezimbili: ukumunca ukushisa phakathi nokushintsha kwesigaba kanye nomthelela wokuhlukanisa amakhemikhali. Ukushintsha kwesigaba ukumuncwa ukushisa kususa ngokuqondile ukushisa okukhiqizwa ibhethri, kuyilapho umphumela wokuhlukanisa amakhemikhali ngokungaqondile unciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa ngokuphazamisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Amanzi anomphumela wokupholisa obaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yomthamo wawo wokushisa othize ophezulu, okuvumela ukuthi amunce inani elikhulu lokushisa ngokushesha. I-Perfluorohexane ilandela, kuyilapho i-HFC-227ea, i-CO2, ne-ABC powder eyomile ingabonisi imiphumela ebalulekile yokupholisa, ehlobene nemvelo kanye nendlela yezicishamlilo.

Isigaba sesibili isigaba sokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha, lapho izinga lokushisa lebhethri likhuphuka ngokushesha lisuka kwinani eliphansi liye phezulu. Njengoba izicisha-mlilo zingakwazi ukumisa ngokuphelele ukubola kwebhethri, futhi izicisha-mlilo eziningi zinemiphumela emibi yokupholisa, izinga lokushisa lebhethri libonisa ukuthambekela okucishe kume mpo phezulu kwezicishamlilo ezihlukene. Esikhathini esifushane, izinga lokushisa lebhethri liyakhuphuka lifike phezulu.

Kulesi sigaba, kunomehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwezicishamlilo ezihlukene ekuvimbeleni ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lebhethri. Ukusebenza ohlelweni lokwehla amanzi > perfluorohexane > HFC-227ea > ABC dry powder > CO2. Uma izinga lokushisa lebhethri likhuphuka kancane, linikeza isikhathi sokuphendula esengeziwe sesexwayiso somlilo webhethri kanye nesikhathi sokusabela esengeziwe kuma-opharetha.

Isiphetho

1. I-CO2: Izicishamlilo ezifana ne-CO2, ezisebenza ngokuyinhloko ngokuminyanisa nokuzihlukanisa, zinemiphumela engemihle yokuvimbela umlilo webhethri. Kulolu cwaningo, izenzakalo zokubusa ezinzima zenzeke nge-CO2, okwenza ingafaneleki imililo yebhethri ye-lithium.
2. I-ABC Dry Powder / HFC-227ea: I-ABC powder dry kanye nezicishamlilo ze-HFC-227ea, ezisebenza ngokuyinhloko ngokuzihlukanisa nokucindezelwa kwamakhemikhali, zingavimbela kancane ukusabela kweketango ngaphakathi kwebhethri ngezinga elithile. Zinomphumela ongcono kancane kune-CO2, kodwa njengoba zingenayo imiphumela yokupholisa futhi azikwazi ukuvimba ngokuphelele ukusabela kwangaphakathi ebhethrini, izinga lokushisa lebhethri lisakhuphuka ngokushesha ngemva kokukhishwa kwesicishamlilo.
3. I-Perfluorohexane: I-Perfluorohexane ayivimbi kuphela ukusabela kwebhethri yangaphakathi kodwa futhi imunca ukushisa ngokuhwamuka. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wayo wokuvimbela umlilo webhethri ungcono kakhulu kunezinye izicishamlilo.
4. Amanzi: Phakathi kwazo zonke izicishamlilo, amanzi anomphumela osobala kakhulu wokucisha umlilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi anomthamo omkhulu wokushisa othize, okuvumela ukuthi amunce ngokushesha inani elikhulu lokushisa. Lokhu kupholisa izinto ezisebenzayo ezingaphenduliwe ngaphakathi kwebhethri, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbe ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa. Kodwa-ke, amanzi adala umonakalo omkhulu kumabhethri futhi awanawo umthelela we-insulation, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwawo kufanele kuqaphe kakhulu.

Yini Okufanele Siyikhethe?

Sihlole amasistimu okuvikela umlilo asetshenziswa abakhiqizi abambalwa besistimu yokugcina amandla okwamanje emakethe, ikakhulukazi sisebenzisa izixazululo ezilandelayo zokucisha umlilo:

• I-Perfluorohexane + Amanzi
• I-aerosol + Amanzi

Kuyabonakala ukuthiama-synergistic fire extinguishing agents ziwumkhuba ojwayelekile wabakhiqizi bebhethri ye-lithium. Uma sithatha i-Perfluorohexane + Amanzi njengesibonelo, i-Perfluorohexane ingacisha ngokushesha amalangabi avulekile, yenze kube lula ukuthintana kwenkungu yamanzi acolekileyo nebhethri, kuyilapho inkungu yamanzi epholile ingayipholisa ngokuphumelelayo. Ukusebenza ngokubambisana kunemiphumela engcono yokucisha umlilo nokupholisa uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa i-ejenti yokucima umlilo eyodwa. Okwamanje, i-EU's New Battery Regulation idinga amalebula ebhethri esikhathi esizayo ukuthi afake izinto ezitholakalayo zokucisha umlilo. Abakhiqizi futhi kudingeka bakhethe into efanele yokucisha umlilo ngokusekelwe emikhiqizweni yabo, imithetho yendawo, nokusebenza kahle.