Kungani sakha ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri

Ukushoda kwezinto ezibangelwa ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-EV ne-ESS

Ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanele kwamabhethri kungase kukhiphe insimbi enzima negesi enobuthi.

Ukuminyana kwe-lithium ne-cobalt kumabhethri kuphezulu kakhulu kunakumaminerali, okusho ukuthi amabhethri afanele ukugaywa kabusha. Ukuvuselela izinto ze-anode kuzokonga ngaphezu kuka-20% wezindleko zebhethri.

Imithetho yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ezindaweni ezahlukene

I-USA

E-America, uhulumeni wobumbano, wesifunda noma wesifunda unelungelo lokulahla nokuvuselela amabhethri e-lithium-ion. Kunemithetho emibili yombuso ehlobene nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Esokuqala sithiUmthetho Wokulawulwa Kwebhethri Equkethe I-Mercury Neshajwa Kabusha. Kudinga izinkampani noma izitolo ezithengisa amabhethri e-lead-acid noma amabhethri e-nickel–metal hydride kufanele zamukele amabhethri alahlwayo futhi aphinde awasebenzise. Indlela yokugaya kabusha amabhethri e-lead-asidi izobonwa njengesifanekiso sesenzo sesikhathi esizayo sokugaya kabusha amabhethri e-lithium-ion. Umthetho wesibili uthiUmthetho Wokongiwa Kwezinsiza kanye Nokubuyisela (I-RCRA). Yakha uhlaka lwendlela yokulahla imfucuza eqinile engeyona ingozi noma eyingozi. Ikusasa lendlela yokuvuselela kabusha amabhethri e-Lithium-ion ingaba ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwalo mthetho.

EU

I-EU yenze isiphakamiso esisha (Isiphakamiso SOKULAWULWA KWEPARLIAMENT YASE-EUROPE KANYE NOMKHANDLU mayelana namabhethri namabhethri alahlwayo, kuchithwa Umyalelo 2006/66/EC kanye nokuchibiyela Umthethonqubo (EU) No 2019/1020). Lesi siphakamiso sikhuluma ngezinto ezinobuthi, okuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zamabhethri, kanye nemfuneko yemikhawulo, imibiko, amalebula, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-carbon footprint, izinga eliphansi kakhulu le-cobalt, umthofu, nokugaywa kabusha kwe-nickel, ukusebenza, ukuqina, ukuphuma, ukushintshwa, ukuphepha. , isimo sezempilo, ukuqina kanye nokunakekelwa okufanele kwe-supply chain, njll. Ngokwalo mthetho, abakhiqizi kufanele banikeze ulwazi lokuqina kwamabhethri nezibalo zokusebenza, kanye nolwazi lomthombo wezinto zamabhethri. Ukukhuthala okufanele kwe-supply chain ukwazisa abasebenzisi bokugcina ukuthi yiziphi izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqukethwe, zivelaphi, kanye nomthelela wazo endaweni. Lokhu okokuqapha ukusetshenziswa kabusha nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri. Kodwa-ke, ukushicilela uchungechunge lokunikezela ngedizayini nemithombo yezinto ezibonakalayo kungase kube ukungasebenzi kubakhiqizi bamabhethri baseYurophu, ngakho-ke imithetho ayikhishwa ngokusemthethweni manje.

Amazwe aseYurophu

Amanye amazwe ase-Europe angase abe nenqubomgomo yawo ekuphatheni ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.

I-UK ayishicileli noma yimiphi imithetho ekugayweni kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Uhulumeni wayevame ukuphakamisa intela yokugaywa kabusha noma ukuqasha, noma ukukhokhela isibonelelo sesizathu. Nokho awukho umgomo osemthethweni ophumayo.

I-Germany inohlaka olusemthethweni lokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Njengemithetho yokugaywa kabusha e-Germany, umthetho webhethri wase-Germany nomthetho wokuphela kwempilo wokusebenzisa kabusha. I-Germany igcizelela i-EPR futhi icacisa isibopho sabakhiqizi, abathengi kanye nabasebenza kabusha.

I-France ikhiphe imithetho yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri isikhathi eside, futhi izenzo zichibiyelwa izikhathi ezithile. Imithetho imemezela isibopho esiyisibopho sokuqoqa, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri kubakhiqizi nabathengisi.

China

I-China ikhiphe imithetho ethile mayelana nemfucuza eqinile kanye nemfucuza eyingozi, njengomthetho wokulawula ukungcoliswa kwemfucuza kanye nemithetho yokulawula ukungcoliswa kwamabhethri emfucuza, ohlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ukugaywa kabusha nezinye izindawo eziningi zamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ezinye izinqubomgomo ziphinde zilawule amabhethri avela eShayina phesheya. Isibonelo, uhulumeni waseShayina ukhiphe umthetho wokwenqabela udoti oqinile ukuthi ungangenisi eChina, kwathi ngo-2020, umthetho wachibiyelwa ukuze umboze yonke imfucuza evela kwamanye amazwe.

E-Asia

Kunemigomo eminingi yezomthetho elawula ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-Japan. I-Japan Portable Rechargeable Battery Recycling Center (JBRC) iphethe ukugaywa kabusha e-Japan.

I-India futhi ishicilela imithetho yamabhethri alahlwayo. Zidinga abakhiqizi, abathengisi, abathengi nanoma iyiphi inhlangano ehlobene nokugaywa kabusha, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuthutha noma ukulungisa kabusha, kufanele izilawulele isibopho sayo. Khonamanjalo ohulumeni bazomisa uhlelo lokubhalisa lwe-EPR olumaphakathi lokuphatha.

I-Australia ayinayo inqubomgomo efanele yokugaywa kabusha okwamanje.

Iinseleleyamabhethri okugaya kabusha

Kunzima ukuthumela noma ukulahla amabhethri anokwakhiwa okuhlukile.

Ukuvuselela amabhethri ngezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-anode kunzima. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amabhethri agaywe kabusha awakwazi ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwamabhayisikili amasha.

Ubunkimbinkimbi bamabhethri, isikhala sokugadwa kanye nezimakethe ezingalinganiselwe zehlisa inzuzo yokugaywa kabusha, okuyenza ingabi nezomnotho. Ingasaphathwa yezinkinga zokuqoqa, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa kwamasheya kanye nezinye izinkinga ze-logistic.

Isiphetho

Kungumsebenzi odingekayo futhi ophuthumayo ukuvuselela amabhethri e-lithium-ion, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumbono wokuvikelwa kwemvelo noma ukonga izinsiza. Amazwe amaningi ngempela agxile ekugayweni kabusha kwamabhethri, kanye nokwenza okwengeziwe ocwaningweni. Izinselelo ikakhulukazi ziphezu: ukuncipha kwezindleko, ukuthuthukisa imodi yokuhweba engcono, izindlela ezingcono zokuthumela, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo, inqubo yokulinganisa yokuvuselela kabusha kanye nokwenza umthetho wemboni kanye nohlelo oluhle lokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha.