I-North America: Izindinganiso ezintsha zokuphepha zemikhiqizo yebhethri yenkinobho/yemali
I-North America: Izindinganiso ezintsha zokuphepha zeinkinobho/uhlamvu lwebhethriimikhiqizo,
inkinobho/uhlamvu lwebhethri,
▍Iyini i-cTUVus & ne-ETL CERTIFICATION?
I-OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), exhumene ne-US DOL (Umnyango Wezabasebenzi), ifuna ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ezosetshenziswa emsebenzini kufanele ihlolwe futhi iqinisekiswe yi-NRTL ngaphambi kokuba idayiswe emakethe. Amazinga okuhlola asebenzayo ahlanganisa amazinga e-American National Standards Institute (ANSI); Amazinga e-American Society for Testing Material (ASTM), amazinga e-Underwriter Laboratory (UL), kanye namazinga enhlangano yokuqaphela mutual yefekthri.
▍OSHA, NRTL, cTUVus, ETL kanye nencazelo yamagama e-UL kanye nobudlelwano
OSHA:Isifinyezo Sokuphepha Kwasemsebenzini Nokuphathwa Kwezempilo. Kuyinhlangano ehlangene ye-US DOL (Umnyango Wezabasebenzi).
I-NRTL:Isifinyezo Selabhorethri Yokuhlola Eyaziwa Kuzwelonke. Iphethe ukugunyazwa kwelebhu. Kuze kube manje, kunezikhungo zokuhlola ezivela eceleni eziyi-18 ezigunyazwe yi-NRTL, okuhlanganisa i-TUV, ITS, MET njalonjalo.
cTUVus:Uphawu lwesitifiketi se-TUVRh eNyakatho Melika.
I-ETL:Isifinyezo se-American Electrical Testing Laboratory. Yasungulwa ngo-1896 ngu-Albert Einstein, umsunguli waseMelika.
UL:Ukulinganisa kwenkampani Underwriter Laboratories Inc.
▍Umehluko phakathi kwe-cTUVus, i-ETL ne-UL
| Into | UL | cTUVus | I-ETL |
| Kusetshenziswe okujwayelekile | Ngokufanayo | ||
| Isikhungo esifanelekile ukuthola irisidi yesitifiketi | I-NRTL (ilabhorethri egunyazwe kuzwelonke) | ||
| Imakethe esetshenziswayo | I-North America (US ne-Canada) | ||
| Isikhungo sokuhlola nezitifiketi | I-Underwriter Laboratory (China) Inc yenza ukuhlola futhi ikhiphe incwadi yesiphetho sephrojekthi | I-MCM yenza ukuhlola bese ikhipha isitifiketi se-TUV | I-MCM yenza ukuhlola bese ikhipha isitifiketi se-TUV |
| Isikhathi esiholayo | 5-12W | 2-3W | 2-3W |
| Izindleko zesicelo | Okuphezulu kontanga | Cishe u-50~60% wezindleko ze-UL | Cishe u-60~70% wezindleko ze-UL |
| Inzuzo | Isikhungo sendawo saseMelika esiqashelwa kahle e-US naseCanada | Isikhungo samazwe ngamazwe siphethe igunya futhi sinikeza amanani aphusile, futhi angaqashelwa yiNyakatho Melika | Isikhungo saseMelika esiqashelwa kahle eNyakatho Melika |
| Ububi |
| Ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo okungaphansi kwalokho kwe-UL | Ukuqashelwa okungaphansi kwalokho kwe-UL ekuqinisekisweni kwengxenye yomkhiqizo |
▍Kungani i-MCM?
● Ukusekelwa Okuthambile okuvela kuziqu nobuchwepheshe:Njengelebhu yokuhlola yofakazi ye-TUVRH kanye ne-ITS kusitifiketi saseNyakatho Melika, i-MCM iyakwazi ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokuhlola futhi inikeze isevisi engcono ngokushintshisana ngobuchwepheshe ubuso nobuso.
● Usekelo oluqinile oluvela kubuchwepheshe:I-MCM ifakwe zonke izinto zokuhlola amabhethri amaphrojekthi amakhulu, amancane futhi anembayo (okungukuthi imoto ephathwayo esebenza ngogesi, amandla okugcina, kanye nemikhiqizo yedijithali), ekwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhlola ibhethri kanye nezitifiketi eNyakatho Melika, ezihlanganisa izindinganiso. UL2580, UL1973, UL2271, UL1642, UL2054 njalonjalo.
I-United States isanda kushicilela izinqumo zokugcina ezimbili ku-Federal Register
Idethi yokuqala: izoqala ukusebenza kusukela ngomhla zingama-23 kuMfumfu, 2023. Ngokucabangela ukutholakala kokuhlola, Ikhomishini izonikeza isikhathi soshintsho sokuphoqelela izinsuku eziyi-180 kusukela ngomhla ka-21 Septhemba 2023 kuya ku-March 19, 2024.
Isimiso sokugcina: faka i-UL 4200A-2023 kumithetho yenhlangano njengomthetho wokuphepha womkhiqizo wabathengi oyimpoqo emikhiqizweni yabathengi equkethe amaseli ohlamvu lwemali noma amabhethri emali.
Idethi esebenza ngayo: izoqala ukusebenza kusukela ngomhlaka-21 Septhemba 2024.
Umthetho wokugcina: izimfuneko zokulebula zokupakishwa kwebhethri yenkinobho noma uhlamvu lwemali zidinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-16 CFR Ingxenye 1263. Njengoba i-UL 4200A-2023 ingabandakanyi ukulebula kokupakishwa kwebhethri, ukulebula kuyadingeka kuseli yenkinobho noma ephaketheni lebhethri lohlamvu lwemali.
Umthombo wazo zombili izinqumo yingoba i-US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) igunyaze izinga eliyisibopho evotini lakamuva— ANSI/UL 4200A-2023, imithetho yokuphepha eyisibopho yemikhiqizo yabathengi equkethe amaseli wezinkinobho noma amabhethri enkinobho.
Ngaphambilini ngoFebhruwari 2023, ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko “Zomthetho kaReese” owamenyezelwa ngo-Agasti 16, 2022, i-CPSC yakhipha Isaziso Sokumisa Okuhlongozwayo (NPR) ukuze ilawule ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yabathengi equkethe amaseli wezinkinobho noma amabhethri enkinobho (ebhekisela ku- I-MCM 34th Journal).
