Uhlolojikelele lwentuthuko yeI-electrolyte yebhethri ye-lithium,
I-electrolyte yebhethri ye-lithium,

▍I-Compulsory Registration Scheme (CRS)

Kukhishwe i-Ministry of Electronics & Information TechnologyI-Electronics & Information Technology Izimpahla-Imfuneko Ye-oda Lokubhalisa Eliyimpoqo I- Yaziswa ngo-7^thSeptember, 2012, futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngo-3^rdOctober, 2013. Isidingo Sempahla Ye-Electronics Nolwazi Lobuchwepheshe Ukuze Ubhalise Okuyimpoqo, lokho ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi isitifiketi se-BIS, empeleni kubizwa ngokuthi ukubhaliswa/nesitifiketi se-CRS. Yonke imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ekukhathalogi yomkhiqizo wokubhalisa okuyimpoqo ongeniswe e-India noma othengiswa emakethe yase-Indian kumele ibhaliswe ku-Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). NgoNovemba 2014, kwanezelwa izinhlobo eziyi-15 zemikhiqizo ebhalisiwe eyimpoqo. Izigaba ezintsha zifaka: omakhalekhukhwini, amabhethri, amabhange kagesi, izinto zikagesi, izibani ze-LED namatheminali okuthengisa, njll.

▍BIS Izinga Lokuhlola Ibhethri

Iseli/ibhethri yesistimu ye-nickel: IS 16046 (Ingxenye 1): 2018/ IEC62133-1: 2017

Iseli/ibhethri yesistimu ye-lithium: IS 16046 (Ingxenye 2): 2018/ IEC62133-2: 2017

Uhlamvu iseli/ibhethri ifakiwe ku-CRS.

▍Kungani i-MCM?

● Besigxile ekutholeni isitifiketi sase-India ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-5 futhi sisize iklayenti ukuthi lithole uhlamvu lwebhethri lokuqala lwe-BIS emhlabeni. Futhi sinolwazi olusebenzayo kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinsiza eziqinile emkhakheni wokunikeza izitifiketi ze-BIS.

● Ababeyizikhulu eziphezulu ze-Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) baqashwe njengabaxhumanisi bezitifiketi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamacala futhi kususwe ubungozi bokukhanselwa kwenombolo yokubhalisa.

● Sihlonyiswe ngamakhono aqinile abanzi okuxazulula izinkinga ekunikezeni isitifiketi, sihlanganisa izinsiza zomdabu e-India. I-MCM igcina ukuxhumana okuhle neziphathimandla ze-BIS ukuze inikeze amakhasimende ulwazi oluseqophelweni eliphezulu, lochwepheshe kanye nolwazi olugunyazwe kakhulu lwesitifiketi kanye nesevisi.

● Sisebenzela izinkampani eziholayo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene futhi sizuza idumela elihle kulo mkhakha, okusenza sithembeke ngokujulile futhi sisekelwe amakhasimende.

Ngo-1800, isazi sefilosofi sase-Italy u-A. Volta wakha inqwaba ye-voltaic, eyavula ukuqala kwamabhethri asebenzayo futhi yachaza ngokokuqala ngqa ukubaluleka kwe-electrolyte kumadivayisi okugcina amandla e-electrochemical. I-electrolyte ingabonakala njengesendlalelo se-electronic insulating kanye ne-ion-conducting ngendlela ewuketshezi noma eqinile, efakwe phakathi kwama-electrode angalungile kanye nama-positive. Njengamanje, i-electrolyte ethuthuke kakhulu yenziwa ngokuncibilikisa usawoti we-lithium oqinile (isb. Njengokwefomu leseli elijwayelekile kanye nomklamo, i-electrolyte ngokuvamile ithatha u-8% kuya ku-15% wesisindo seseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvutha kwayo kanye nezinga lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza lika -10°C kuya ku-60°C kuphazamisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuminyana kwamandla ebhethri nokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka okusha kwe-electrolyte kuthathwa njengokuvula amandla okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesizukulwane esilandelayo samabhethri amasha.
Abacwaningi futhi basebenzela ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezahlukene ze-electrolyte. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinyibilikisi ezine-fluorinated ezingafinyelela ukusebenza kahle kwe-lithium metal cycling, i-organic or inorganic solid electrolyte eyinzuzo embonini yezimoto kanye "namabhethri e-solid state" (SSB). Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi uma i-electrolyte eqinile ithatha indawo ye-electrolyte yokuqala yoketshezi kanye ne-diaphragm, ukuphepha, ukuminyana kwamandla kanye nempilo yebhethri kungathuthukiswa kakhulu. Okulandelayo, sifingqa ngokuyinhloko inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwama-electrolyte aqinile ngezinto ezahlukahlukene.
Ama-electrolyte aqinile angaphili asetshenziswe kumishini yokugcina amandla kagesi we-electrochemical, njengamabhethri ashisekayo ashisekayo aphezulu i-Na-S, amabhethri e-Na-NiCl2 namabhethri ayinhloko e-Li-I2. Emuva ngo-2019, u-Hitachi Zosen (Japan) wabonisa ibhethri lesikhwama sesikhwama esiqinile esingu-140 mAh elizosetshenziswa emkhathini futhi lihlolwe ku-International Space Station (ISS). Leli bhethri lakhiwe i-sulfide electrolyte nezinye izingxenye zebhethri ezingadalulwanga, ezikwazi ukusebenza phakathi kuka -40°C no-100°C. Ngo-2021 inkampani yethula ibhethri eliqinile elisezingeni eliphakeme elingu-1,000 mAh. U-Hitachi Zosen ubona isidingo samabhethri aqinile ezindaweni ezinokhahlo njengesikhala nemishini yezimboni esebenza endaweni evamile. Inkampani ihlela ukuphinda kabili umthamo webhethri ngo-2025. Kodwa kuze kube manje, awukho umkhiqizo webhethri wesimo esiqinile ongasetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi.