Ukulinganisa Amandla kanye Nesitoreji Samandla
Ukulinganisa kwamandla kanyeIsitoreji Amandla,
Isitoreji Amandla,
| Ayikho inombolo | Isitifiketi / ukumbozwa | Ukucaciswa kwesitifiketi | Ifanele umkhiqizo | Qaphela |
| 1 | Ukuthuthwa kwebhethri | UN38.3. | Umongo webhethri, imojuli yebhethri, iphakethe lebhethri, isistimu yebhethri | Shintsha okuqukethwe: Iphakethe lebhethri / isistimu yebhethri engaphezu kuka-6200Wh ingahlolwa kusetshenziswa imojuli yebhethri. |
| 2 | Isitifiketi se-CB | I-IEC 62660-1. | Iyunithi yebhethri | |
| I-IEC 62660-2. | Iyunithi yebhethri | |||
| I-IEC 62660-3. | Iyunithi yebhethri | |||
| 3 | Isitifiketi se-GB | I-GB 38031. | Umongo webhethri, iphakethe lebhethri, isistimu yebhethri | |
| I-GB/T 31484. | Iyunithi yebhethri, imojuli yebhethri, isistimu yebhethri | |||
| I-GB/T 31486. | Umongo webhethri, imojuli yebhethri | |||
| 4 | Isitifiketi se-ECE | I-ECE-R-100. | Iphakethe lebhethri, isistimu yebhethri | Amazwe nezifunda eziqaphela imithetho yaseYurophu ne-ECE |
| 5 | I-India | AIS 048. | Iphakethe lebhethri, Isistimu yebhethri (L, M, N izimoto) | Isikhathi sephepha lokumosha: No. 04.01,2023 |
| I-AIS 156. | Iphakethe lebhethri, Isistimu yebhethri (L izimoto) | Isikhathi esiphoqelelwe: 04.01.2023 | ||
| AIS 038. | Iphakethe lebhethri, Isistimu yebhethri (M, izimoto ze-N) | |||
| 6 | i-America esenyakatho | I-UL 2580. | Umongo webhethri, iphakethe lebhethri, isistimu yebhethri | |
| I-SAE J2929. | Isistimu yebhethri | |||
| I-SAE J2426. | Iyunithi yebhethri, imojuli yebhethri, isistimu yebhethri | |||
| 7 | Vietnam | I-QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT. | Izithuthuthu zikagesi / amabhethri e-mopeds-Lithium | Isivivinyo + Ukubuyekezwa Kwemboni + Ukubhaliswa kwe-VR |
| I-QCVN 76:2019/BGTVT. | Amabhethri ebhayisikili-lithium kagesi | Isivivinyo + Ukubuyekezwa Kwemboni + Ukubhaliswa kwe-VR | ||
| I-QCVN47:2012/BGTVT. | Isithuthuthu kanye namabhethri e-Morpet- – – -lead acid | |||
| 8 | Esinye isitifiketi | I-GB/T 31467.2. | Iphakethe lebhethri, isistimu yebhethri | |
| I-GB/T 31467.1. | Iphakethe lebhethri, isistimu yebhethri | |||
| I-GB/T 36672. | Ibhethri yezithuthuthu zikagesi | Isitifiketi se-CQC/CGC singafakelwa isicelo | ||
| I-GB/T 36972. | Ibhethri lebhayisikili likagesi | Isitifiketi se-CQC/CGC singafakelwa isicelo |
Iphrofayela yesitifiketi sebhethri yamandla
“ECE-R-100.
I-ECE-R-100: I-Battery Electric Vehicle Safety (Battery Electric Vehicle Safety) umthethonqubo oshaywe yi-European Economic Commission (Economic Commission of Europe,ECE).Njengamanje, i-ECE ihlanganisa amazwe angama-37 ase-Europe, ngaphandle Kwamazwe Angamalungu e-EU, amazwe ahlanganisa EMpumalanga Yurophu naseNingizimu Yurophu. Ekuhlolweni Kokuphepha, i-ECE ukuphela kwendinganiso esemthethweni eYurophu.
“Sebenzisa i-ID: Ibhethri lemoto kagesi eliqinisekisiwe lingasebenzisa ukuhlonza okulandelayo:
I-E4: imele i-Netherlands (ikhodi iyahluka ngezwe nesifundaIsibonelo, i-E5 imele iSweden. ).
100R: Isimemezelo No
022492: Inombolo Yemvume (Inombolo Yesitifiketi)
“Okuqukethwe kokuhlola: Into yokuhlola iyiphakethe lebhethri, futhi okunye ukuhlola kungathathelwa indawo amamojula.
| Ayikho inombolo | Izinto zokuhlola |
| 1 | Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza |
| 2 | Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo womthelela oshisayo |
| 3 | Umthelela wemishini |
| 4 | Ubuqotho bemishini (ukubumbana) |
| 5 | Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nomlilo |
| 6 | Ukuvikelwa kwangaphandle kwesiyingi esifushane |
| 7 | Ukuvikelwa kokukhokhiswa ngokweqile |
| 8 | Ukuvikelwa kokukhipha ngokweqile |
| 9 | Ukuvikela izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu |
Izinhlinzeko Zokuphathwa Kwelayisense Yokujikeleza Kwezinkampani Nemikhiqizo Entsha YaseShayina ekhiqiza izimoto zamandla
()> Mayelana Nokulawulwa Kwelayisense Yokujikeleza Kwezinkampani Nemikhiqizo Ekhiqiza Izimoto Zamandla Amasha kwaphasiswa emhlanganweni wama-26 woMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ngo-Okthoba 20,2016 futhi waqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 1,2017.
“Izinto Zokuhlola Ibhethri Lemoto Yamandla Entsha Namazinga:
| Ayikho inombolo | Ukucaciswa kwesitifiketi | Igama elijwayelekile | Qaphela |
| 1 | I-GB 38031. | Izidingo zokuphepha kwebhethri lamandla ezimotweni zikagesiKu, i | Faka esikhundleni se-GB/T 31485 kanye ne-GB/T 31467.3 |
| 2 | I-GB/T 31484-2015. | Izidingo zempilo yomjikelezo webhethri nezindlela zokuhlola zezimoto zikagesiKu, i | 6.5 Impilo yomjikelezo ihlolwa kanye namazinga okuthembeka kwemoto |
| 3 | I-GB/T 31486-2015. | Ibhethri lamandla lezimoto zikagesi. Izidingo zokusebenza kukagesi nezindlela zokuhlolaKu, i | |
| Qaphela: Izimoto zabagibeli ezisebenza ngogesi zizohlangabezana nezimfuneko Zezimo Zobuchwepheshe Zokuphepha Zezimoto Ezihamba Ngogesi. | |||
Izidingo zokuhlolwa kwebhethri lamandla e-India nesingeniso esifushane
. . . . 1997Ngo-1989, uHulumeni wase-India wamemezela uMthetho Wezimoto Ezimaphakathi (Imithetho Yezimoto Ezimaphakathi, i-CMVR) owawudinga ukuthi zonke izimoto zomgwaqo, izimoto zokwakha, izimoto zemishini yezolimo nezamahlathi, njll. osebenza ku-CMVR ukuthi zifake izicelo ezinhlakeni zezitifiketi eziqashelwa Umnyango Wezokuthutha waseNdiya. Lo mthetho wawusho ukuqala kokunikezwa isitifiketi kwezimoto zaseNdiya. Ngemva kwalokho, uHulumeni wase-India wadinga izingxenye eziyinhloko zokuphepha zezimoto ukuthi nazo zisetshenziswe ngomhla ka-15 Septhemba futhi sasungula Ikomiti Lezilinganiso Zemboni Yezimoto (Ikomiti Elijwayelekile Lemboni Yezimoto, i-AISC) lapho i-ARA yayinomthwalo wemfanelo wokubhala nokukhipha amazinga asalungiswa.
. Ibhethri lamandla njengenye yezingxenye zokuphepha zemoto ngokuphathelene nokuhlolwa kwayo kokuphepha kwe-AIS 048, ekhishwe i-AIS 156 kanye nemithetho ye-AIS 038-Rev.2 okuzoqedwa ngayo amazinga e-AIS 048 asekuqaleni ngomhla ka-1 Ephreli 2023. Abakhiqizi bangasebenza ukuthola isitifiketi ngaphambi kokuqeda leli zinga le-AIS 038-Rev.2 kanye ne-AIS 156 izothatha indawo I-AIS 048, iyisibopho kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Ephreli 2023. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizi angafaka isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi sebhethri lamandla kumazinga ahambisanayo.
“Sebenzisa uphawu:
Ayikho i-Mark.Okwamanje amabhethri anamandla e-India angaqinisekiswa elinye nelinye ngezikolo ezijwayelekile zokuhlola, kodwa azikho izitifiketi ezifanele namamaki ezitifiketi.
"Hlola okuqukethwe:
|
| AIS 048. | AIS 038-Rev.2. | I-AIS 156. |
| Usuku lokuqalisa | Ibuyiselwe ngomhlaka-01 Ephreli 2023 | 01 Ephreli 2023 futhi okwamanje itholakala kubakhiqizi | |
| Izindinganiso eziyisethenjwa | - | UNECE R100 Rev.3.Izidingo zobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokuhlola ziyefana ne-UN GTR 20 Phase1 | UNECE R136. |
| Ububanzi besicelo | L, M, N izimoto | M, N izimoto | L izimoto |
I-Vietnam VR Isingeniso Esiyimpoqo Sesitifiketi
Isingeniso se-Vietnam Automobile Certification System
Kusukela ngo-2005, uhulumeni waseVietnam wamisa uchungechunge lwemithethonqubo esungula izidingo zesitifiketi sezimoto nezingxenye zazo.I-Automatic Vehicle Registration Bureau ngaphansi koMnyango Wezokuthutha waseVietnam, njengomnyango wokuphatha amalayisensi wokujikeleza kwemakethe yemikhiqizo, isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Vietnam Register. (Isitifiketi se-VR).
Uhlobo lwesitifiketi luwuhlobo lwemoto, ikakhulukazi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
No.58 / 2007 / QS-BGTV: NgoNovemba 21,2007, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha wabeka ukuthi izithuthuthu nama-mopeds akhiqizwa futhi ahlanganiswa eVietnam kumele athole imvume esemthethweni.
Ngomhla zingama-21 kuJulayi, NO.34/2005/QS-BGTV:2005, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha wakhipha imininingwane yokugunyaza uhlobo lwezimoto ezikhiqizwa futhi zahlanganiswa eVietnam.
Mhla zingama-21 kuLwezi NO.57/2007/QS-BGTVT:2007, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha wakhipha imininingwane yokuhlolwa kwezithuthuthu nezinjini ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
No..35 / 2005 / QS-BGTVT:2005 Ngomhla zingama-21 kuNtulikazi, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha wamemezela imininingwane yokuhlolwa kwezimoto zezimoto ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Isitifiketi somkhiqizo we-VR eVietnam:
I-Vietnam Automotive Registration Authority yaqala ngo-April 2018 ukuze idinga izibopho zezingxenye zezimoto ze-aftermarket ukuze zenze isitifiketi se-Vietnam VR.Imikhiqizo yamanje yesitifiketi esiyisibopho ihlanganisa: isigqoko, ingilazi yokuphepha, amasondo, izibuko ezingemuva, amathayi, izibani, amathangi kaphethiloli, ibhethri, izinto zangaphakathi, imikhumbi yokucindezela, amabhethri kagesi, njll.
“Iphrojekthi yokuhlola ibhethri lamandla
| Izinto zokuhlola | Iyunithi yebhethri | Imojula | Iphakethe lebhethri | |
| Ukusebenza kukagesi | Izinga lokushisa legumbi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, namandla okushisa aphansi | √ | √ | √ |
| Izinga lokushisa legumbi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umjikelezo wokushisa ophansi | √ | √ | √ | |
| I-AC, DC ukumelana kwangaphakathi | √ | √ | √ | |
| Isitoreji ekamelweni lokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu | √ | √ | √ | |
| Ukuphepha | Ukuchayeka kokushisa | √ | √ | N/A. |
| Ukukhokhisa ngokweqile (ukuvikela) | √ | √ | √ | |
| Ukukhipha ngokweqile (ukuvikela) | √ | √ | √ | |
| I-Short-circuit (ukuvikela) | √ | √ | √ | |
| Ukuvikela izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu | N/A. | N/A. | √ | |
| Ukuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile | N/A. | N/A. | √ | |
| Gqoka isipikili | √ | √ | N/A. | |
| Cindezela ukuphinda | √ | √ | √ | |
| Zungezisa | √ | √ | √ | |
| Ukuhlolwa okungaphansi | √ | √ | √ | |
| Phoqa isigaba sangaphakathi | √ | √ | N/A. | |
| Ukusabalalisa okushisayo | √ | √ | √ | |
| Imvelo | Umfutho womoya ophansi | √ | √ | √ |
| Umthelela wezinga lokushisa | √ | √ | √ | |
| Umjikelezo wezinga lokushisa | √ | √ | √ | |
| Ukuhlolwa kwenkungu kasawoti | √ | √ | √ | |
| Izinga lokushisa nomswakama umjikelezo | √ | √ | √ | |
| Qaphela: I-N/A. ayisebenzi② ayifaki zonke izinto zokuhlola, uma ukuhlolwa kungafakiwe kububanzi obungenhla. | ||||
Kungani kuyi-MCM?
“Ibanga elikhulu lokulinganisa, imishini enembayo ephezulu:
I-1) inokushajwa kweyunithi yebhethri nokokusebenza kokukhipha okunemba okungu-0.02% kanye nomkhawulo wamanje ongu-1000A, 100V/400A okokusebenza kwemojula yokuhlola, kanye nempahla yephakethe yebhethri engu-1500V/600A.
I-2) ifakwe umswakama ongaguquki ongu-12m³, inkungu kasawoti engu-8m³ kanye nezindawo zokushisa eziphakeme neziphansi.
3) Ifakwe imishini yokubhoboza ifika ku-0.01 mm kanye nemishini yokuhlanganisa enesisindo samathani angama-200, okokusebenza kokulahla kanye nemishini yokuhlola ukuphepha kwesekethe emfushane engu-12000A enokumelana okulungisekayo.
4) Yiba nekhono lokugaya inombolo yesitifiketi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusindisa amakhasimende kumasampuli, isikhathi sokunikeza izitifiketi, izindleko zokuhlola, njll.
5) Sebenzisana nezinkampani zokuhlola nezitifiketi emhlabeni wonke ukuze udalele izixazululo eziningi.
6）Sizozamukela izicelo zakho zokuhlolwa kwesitifiketi nokuthembeka.
“Ithimba lochwepheshe nelezobuchwepheshe:
Singakuhlelela isixazululo esiphelele sesitifiketi ngokuya ngesistimu yakho futhi sikusize ufinyelele ngokushesha emakethe eqondiwe.
Sizokusiza ukuthi uthuthukise futhi uhlole imikhiqizo yakho, futhi sikunikeze idatha enembile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe:
Juni-28-2021
Into yokuqala abantu abayicabangayo ngenqubomgomo yokunciphisa ukugcinwa kwamandla. Omunye wemisebenzi engadlalwa isitoreji samandla ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhuphuka kuya phezulu:
isitoreji samandla se-peak-to-valley, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu-kuya-peak. Ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji samandla kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kukagesi, kulungise isidingo sokuphakelwa kukagesi, futhi kunciphise ukushuba kwesimo sokusetshenziswa kukagesi phakathi namahora aphakeme kakhulu. Kubasebenzisi, ingonga izindleko futhi yehlise umthelela ekukhiqizeni.
Omunye umsebenzi wokugcina amandla ukugcina isikhashana amandla elanga nawomoya. Ubuchwepheshe be-Energystorage buxazulula izinkinga zokungahleliwe kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-photovoltaic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya. Ingakwazi ukubona ukuphuma okushelelayo kokukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha futhi ilungise ngempumelelo izinguquko ku-voltage yegridi, imvamisa kanye nesigaba esibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha, okwenza amandla amakhulu omoya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kuhlanganiswe kalula nangokuthembekile kugridi yamandla evamile. okukhiphayo kwangaphandle uma kudingeka. Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga nawomoya kuzothuthukiswa, futhi ukuncika emithonjeni yamalahle kuzoncipha.
