ULwandle Olubomvuinkinga ingase iphazamise ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi emhlabeni wonke,
ULwandle Olubomvu,

▍ Isitifiketi se-MIC saseVietnam

I-Circular 42/2016/TT-BTTTT ibalule ukuthi amabhethri afakwe kumaselula, amathebulethi kanye nezincwadi zokubhalela awavunyelwe ukuthunyelwa e-Vietnam ngaphandle uma engaphansi kwesitifiketi se-DoC kusukela ngo-Oct.1,2016. I-DoC kuyodingeka futhi ukuthi ihlinzeke lapho kufakwa Ukugunyazwa Kohlobo lwemikhiqizo yokugcina (omakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi namathebulethi).

I-MIC ikhiphe i-Circular 04/2018/TT-BTTTT entsha ngoMeyi, 2018 ebeka ukuthi awusekho umbiko we-IEC 62133:2012 okhishwe ilabhorethri egunyazwe phesheya owamukelwa ngoJulayi 1, 2018. Ukuhlolwa kwendawo kuyadingeka ngenkathi ufaka isicelo sesitifiketi se-ADoC.

▍ Izinga Lokuhlola

I-QCVN101:2016/BTTT(bheka i-IEC 62133:2012)

▍PQIR

Uhulumeni wase-Vietnamese ukhiphe isimemezelo esisha No. 74/2018 / ND-CP ngoMeyi 15, 2018 ukuze sicacise ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbili zemikhiqizo engeniswe e-Vietnam zingaphansi kwesicelo se-PQIR (Product Quality Inspection Registration) lapho ilethwa e-Vietnam.

Ngokusekelwe kulo mthetho, i-Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) yase-Vietnam ikhiphe idokhumenti esemthethweni ethi 2305/BTTTT-CVT ngoJulayi 1, 2018, ecacisa ukuthi imikhiqizo engaphansi kolawulo lwayo (okuhlanganisa namabhethri) kufanele ifakwe isicelo se-PQIR lapho ilethwa ngaphandle. eVietnam. I-SDoC izolethwa ukuze kuphothulwe inqubo yokugunyazwa kwentela engenayo. Idethi esemthethweni yokuqala ukusebenza kwalo mthethonqubo umhla ziyi-10 kuNcwaba, 2018. I-PQIR isetshenziswa ekungeniseni okukodwa e-Vietnam, okungukuthi, ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ongenisa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe engenisa impahla, uzofaka isicelo se-PQIR (ukuhlolwa kweqoqo) + SDoC.

Nokho, kubangenisi abaphuthuma ukuletha izimpahla ngaphandle kwe-SDOC, i-VNTA izoqinisekisa okwesikhashana i-PQIR futhi yenze kube lula ukuvunyelwa kwentela. Kodwa abathenga kwamanye amazwe kudingeka bathumele i-SDoC kwa-VNTA ukuze baqedele lonke uhlelo lokugunyazwa kwentela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 zokusebenza ngemva kokuvunyelwa kwentela. (I-VNTA ngeke isakhipha i-ADOC yangaphambilini esebenza kuphela kubakhi bendawo base-Vietnam)

▍Kungani i-MCM?

● Ukwabelana ngolwazi lwakamuva

● Umsunguli-munye welabhorethri yokuhlola ibhethri ye-Quacert

I-MCM ngaleyo ndlela iba ukuphela komenzeli wale lebhu e-Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau naseTaiwan.

● Isevisi ye-Ejensi yokuma eyodwa

I-MCM, i-ejensi ekahle yokuma okukodwa, ihlinzeka ngokuhlolwa, izitifiketi kanye nesevisi ye-ejenti kumakhasimende.

IULwandle Olubomvuukuphela kwendlela yemikhumbi yokuhamba phakathi kolwandle i-Atlantic kanye ne-Indian Ocean. Itholakala lapho kuhlangana khona amazwekazi amabili ase-Asia nase-Afrika. Umkhawulo wayo oseningizimu uxhuma uLwandle i-Arabian kanye noLwandlekazi i-Indian ngokusebenzisa i-Bab el-Mandeb Strait, kanti ukuphela kwayo enyakatho kuxhuma noLwandle iMedithera kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean ngokusebenzisa iSuez Canal. Umzila onqamula i-Bab el-Mandeb Strait, uLwandle Olubomvu kanye ne-Suez Canal ungomunye wemizila yemikhumbi ematasa kakhulu emhlabeni. I-Suez Canal kufanele okwamanje ibe umthambo omkhulu wezokuthutha emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi lapho iPanama Canal okwamanje ibhekene nokuntuleka okukhulu kwamanzi kanye nokunciphisa umthamo wokuzulazula. Njengomzila omkhulu wokuzulazula wemizila yase-Asia-Europe, Asia-Mediterranean, kanye ne-Asia-Eastern United States, i-Suez Canal, umthelela wayo ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke nasekuthumeleni ngomkhumbi ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-Neue Zürcher Zeitung, cishe u-12% wezimpahla zokuthutha zomhlaba zidlula oLwandle Olubomvu kanye ne-Suez Canal.
Selokhu kwaqubuka umjikelezo omusha wokungqubuzana kwe-Palestine-Israel, amabutho ahlomile ase-Yemen aseHouthi avame ukuhlasela u-Israyeli nge-missile kanye ne-drone ngesizathu "sokusekela i-Palestine" futhi elokhu ehlasela imikhumbi "ehlangene ne-Israel" oLwandle Olubomvu. Ngenxa yezindaba ezivame ukwanda zemikhumbi yezentengiselwano ehlaselwa eduze kwe-Red Sea-Mandeb Strait, iziqhwaga eziningi zemikhumbi emhlabeni wonke - iSwitzerland Mediterranean, iDanish Maersk, iFrench CMA CGM, iGerman Hapag-Lloyd, njll. zimemezele ukugwema iRed Umzila wasolwandle. Kusukela ngomhla ka-18 Disemba 2023, izinkampani ezinhlanu ezihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele zemikhumbi zimemezele ukumiswa kokuhamba ngomkhumbi ku-Red Sea-Suez waterway. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-COSCO, i-Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) kanye ne-Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) baphinde bathi imikhumbi yabo yamabhokisi izomisa ukuhamba emanzini oLwandle Olubomvu. Kuleli qophelo, izinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba ezithumela amakhonteyina seziqalile noma sezizomisa ukuhamba ngomkhumbi emzileni we-Red Sea-Suez.
Inkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu ikhawulele ukubhukha kuyo yonke imizila ebheke ngasentshonalanga eMpumalanga Asia, okuhlanganisa ukuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi, uLwandle Olubomvu, eNyakatho Afrika, uLwandle Olumnyama, empumalanga yeMedithera, entshonalanga yeMedithera nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu.Inkinga evamile ebhekene nayo njengamanje, ngaphezu kokukhuphuka kwezindleko , ukuswelakala kwendawo. Umthamo wenkampani yokuthutha uqinile, ukuthutha olwandle kunyukile, futhi igebe elikhulu ezitsheni ezingenalutho libangele inani elikhulu lempahla eyingozi (equkethe i-lithium battery cargo) yenqatshwe ukubhuka. Okuhamba phambili kunikezwa impahla evamile ebhodini. Izintambo zokuthutha seziqalile ezidinga ukuthi impahla ebiqondiswe oLwandle Olubomvu ibuyiselwe eCape of Good Hope. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impahla yokuqala ethunyelwayo idinga ukulungiswa futhi nesikhathi sokuthutha sidinga ukwelulwa.
Uma ikhasimende lingavumelani nokuphambukiswa, lizocelwa ukuthi lithulule impahla bese libuyisela isiqukathi. Uma isiqukathi sihlala sikhona, kumele kukhokhwe izindleko ezengeziwe zokusebenzisa isikhathi eside. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kuzokhokhiswa enye imali engu-US$1,700 esitsheni ngasinye esingamamitha angu-20, futhi kuzokhokhiswa enye imali engu-$2,600 yama-US$2,600 esitsheni ngasinye esingamamitha angu-40.