ULwandle Olubomvuinkinga ingase iphazamise ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi emhlabeni wonke,
ULwandle Olubomvu,

▍ Isitifiketi se-MIC saseVietnam

I-Circular 42/2016/TT-BTTTT ibalule ukuthi amabhethri afakwe kumaselula, amathebulethi kanye nezincwadi zokubhalela awavunyelwe ukuthunyelwa e-Vietnam ngaphandle uma engaphansi kwesitifiketi se-DoC kusukela ngo-Oct.1,2016. I-DoC kuyodingeka futhi ukuthi ihlinzeke lapho kufakwa Ukugunyazwa Kohlobo lwemikhiqizo yokugcina (omakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi namathebulethi).

I-MIC ikhiphe i-Circular 04/2018/TT-BTTTT entsha ngoMeyi, 2018 ebeka ukuthi awusekho umbiko we-IEC 62133:2012 okhishwe ilabhorethri egunyazwe phesheya owamukelwa ngoJulayi 1, 2018. Ukuhlolwa kwendawo kuyadingeka ngenkathi ufaka isicelo sesitifiketi se-ADoC.

▍ Izinga Lokuhlola

I-QCVN101:2016/BTTT(bheka i-IEC 62133:2012)

▍PQIR

Uhulumeni wase-Vietnamese ukhiphe isimemezelo esisha No. 74/2018 / ND-CP ngoMeyi 15, 2018 ukuze sicacise ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbili zemikhiqizo engeniswe e-Vietnam zingaphansi kwesicelo se-PQIR (Product Quality Inspection Registration) lapho ilethwa e-Vietnam.

Ngokusekelwe kulo mthetho, i-Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) yase-Vietnam ikhiphe idokhumenti esemthethweni ethi 2305/BTTTT-CVT ngoJulayi 1, 2018, ecacisa ukuthi imikhiqizo engaphansi kolawulo lwayo (okuhlanganisa namabhethri) kufanele ifakwe isicelo se-PQIR lapho ilethwa ngaphandle. eVietnam. I-SDoC izolethwa ukuze kuphothulwe inqubo yokugunyazwa kwentela engenayo. Idethi esemthethweni yokuqala ukusebenza kwalo mthethonqubo umhla ziyi-10 kuNcwaba, 2018. I-PQIR isetshenziswa ekungeniseni okukodwa e-Vietnam, okungukuthi, ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ongenisa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe engenisa impahla, uzofaka isicelo se-PQIR (ukuhlolwa kweqoqo) + SDoC.

Nokho, kubangenisi abaphuthuma ukuletha izimpahla ngaphandle kwe-SDOC, i-VNTA izoqinisekisa okwesikhashana i-PQIR futhi yenze kube lula ukuvunyelwa kwentela. Kodwa abathenga kwamanye amazwe kudingeka bathumele i-SDoC kwa-VNTA ukuze baqedele lonke uhlelo lokugunyazwa kwentela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 zokusebenza ngemva kokuvunyelwa kwentela. (I-VNTA ngeke isakhipha i-ADOC yangaphambilini esebenza kuphela kubakhi bendawo base-Vietnam)

▍Kungani i-MCM?

● Ukwabelana ngolwazi lwakamuva

● Umsunguli-munye welabhorethri yokuhlola ibhethri ye-Quacert

I-MCM ngaleyo ndlela iba ukuphela komenzeli wale lebhu e-Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau naseTaiwan.

● Isevisi ye-Ejensi yokuma eyodwa

I-MCM, i-ejensi ekahle yokuma okukodwa, ihlinzeka ngokuhlolwa, izitifiketi kanye nesevisi ye-ejenti kumakhasimende.

IULwandle Olubomvuukuphela kwendlela yemikhumbi yokuhamba phakathi kolwandle i-Atlantic kanye ne-Indian Ocean. Itholakala lapho kuhlangana khona amazwekazi amabili ase-Asia nase-Afrika. Umkhawulo wayo oseningizimu uxhuma uLwandle i-Arabian kanye noLwandlekazi i-Indian ngokusebenzisa i-Bab el-Mandeb Strait, kanti ukuphela kwayo enyakatho kuxhuma noLwandle iMedithera kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean ngokusebenzisa iSuez Canal. Umzila onqamula i-Bab el-Mandeb Strait, uLwandle Olubomvu kanye ne-Suez Canal ungomunye wemizila yemikhumbi ematasa kakhulu emhlabeni. I-Suez Canal kufanele okwamanje ibe umthambo omkhulu wezokuthutha emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi lapho iPanama Canal okwamanje ibhekene nokuntuleka okukhulu kwamanzi kanye nokunciphisa umthamo wokuzulazula. Njengomzila omkhulu wokuzulazula wemizila yase-Asia-Europe, Asia-Mediterranean, kanye ne-Asia-Eastern United States, i-Suez Canal, umthelela wayo ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke nasekuthumeleni ngomkhumbi ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-Neue Zürcher Zeitung, cishe u-12% wezimpahla zokuthutha zomhlaba zidlula oLwandle Olubomvu kanye ne-Suez Canal.
Selokhu kwaqubuka umjikelezo omusha wokungqubuzana kwe-Palestine-Israel, amabutho ahlomile ase-Yemen aseHouthi avame ukuhlasela u-Israyeli nge-missile kanye ne-drone ngesizathu "sokusekela i-Palestine" futhi elokhu ehlasela imikhumbi "ehlangene ne-Israel" oLwandle Olubomvu. Ngenxa yezindaba ezivame ukwanda zemikhumbi yezentengiselwano ehlaselwa eduze kwe-Red Sea-Mandeb Strait, iziqhwaga eziningi zemikhumbi emhlabeni wonke - iSwitzerland Mediterranean, iDanish Maersk, iFrench CMA CGM, iGerman Hapag-Lloyd, njll. zimemezele ukugwema iRed Umzila wasolwandle. Kusukela ngomhla ka-18 Disemba 2023, izinkampani ezinhlanu ezihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele zemikhumbi zimemezele ukumiswa kokuhamba ngomkhumbi ku-Red Sea-Suez waterway. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-COSCO, i-Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) kanye ne-Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) baphinde bathi imikhumbi yabo yamabhokisi izomisa ukuhamba emanzini oLwandle Olubomvu. Kuleli qophelo, izinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba ezithumela amakhonteyina seziqalile noma sezizomisa ukuhamba ngomkhumbi emzileni we-Red Sea-Suez.
Inkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu ikhawulele ukubhukha kuyo yonke imizila eya ngasentshonalanga e-East Asia, okuhlanganisa ukuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi, uLwandle Olubomvu, eNyakatho Afrika, uLwandle Olumnyama, empumalanga yeMedithera, entshonalanga yeMedithera nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu.