Uhlolojikelele lokuthuthukiswa kwe-Lithium battery electrolyte

Uhlolojikelele lokuthuthukiswa kwe-Lithium battery electrolyte2

Ingemuva

Ngo-1800, isazi sefilosofi sase-Italy u-A. Volta wakha inqwaba ye-voltaic, eyavula ukuqala kwamabhethri asebenzayo futhi yachaza ngokokuqala ngqa ukubaluleka kwe-electrolyte kumadivayisi okugcina amandla e-electrochemical. I-electrolyte ingabonakala njengesendlalelo se-electronic insulating kanye ne-ion-conducting ngendlela ewuketshezi noma eqinile, efakwe phakathi kwama-electrode angalungile kanye nama-positive. Njengamanje, i-electrolyte ethuthuke kakhulu yenziwa ngokuncibilikisa usawoti we-lithium oqinile (isb. Njengokwefomu leseli elijwayelekile kanye nomklamo, i-electrolyte ngokuvamile ithatha u-8% kuya ku-15% wesisindo seseli. Ini's ngaphezulu, ukuvutha kwayo kanye nezinga lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza lika -10°C kuya ku-60°C ivimbela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuminyana kwamandla ebhethri nokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka okusha kwe-electrolyte kuthathwa njengokuvula amandla okhiye wokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esilandelayo samabhethri amasha.

Abacwaningi futhi basebenzela ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezahlukene ze-electrolyte. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinyibilikisi ezine-fluorinated ezingafinyelela ukusebenza kahle kwe-lithium metal cycling, i-organic or inorganic solid electrolyte eyinzuzo embonini yezimoto kanye "namabhethri e-solid state" (SSB). Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi uma i-electrolyte eqinile ithatha indawo ye-electrolyte yokuqala yoketshezi kanye ne-diaphragm, ukuphepha, ukuminyana kwamandla kanye nempilo yebhethri kungathuthukiswa kakhulu. Okulandelayo, sifingqa ngokuyinhloko inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwama-electrolyte aqinile ngezinto ezahlukahlukene.

Ama-electrolyte aqinile angaphili

Ama-electrolyte aqinile angaphili asetshenziswe kumishini yokugcina amandla kagesi we-electrochemical, njengamabhethri ashisekayo ashisekayo aphezulu i-Na-S, amabhethri e-Na-NiCl2 namabhethri ayinhloko e-Li-I2. Emuva ngo-2019, u-Hitachi Zosen (Japan) wabonisa ibhethri lesikhwama sesikhwama esiqinile esingu-140 mAh elizosetshenziswa emkhathini futhi lihlolwe ku-International Space Station (ISS). Leli bhethri lakhiwe i-sulfide electrolyte nezinye izingxenye zebhethri ezingadalulwanga, ezikwazi ukusebenza phakathi -40°C futhi 100°C. Ngo-2021 inkampani yethula umthamo ophezulu webhethri eliqinile elingu-1,000 mAh. U-Hitachi Zosen ubona isidingo samabhethri aqinile ezindaweni ezinokhahlo njengesikhala nemishini yezimboni esebenza endaweni evamile. Inkampani ihlela ukuphinda kabili umthamo webhethri ngo-2025. Kodwa kuze kube manje, awukho umkhiqizo webhethri wesimo esiqinile ongasetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi.

Ama-electrolyte e-organic semi-solid futhi aqinile

Esigabeni se-organic solid electrolyte, i-Bolloré yase-France ithengise ngempumelelo i-electrolyte yohlobo lwe-PVDF-HFP kanye ne-electrolyte yohlobo lwejeli i-PEO. Le nkampani iphinde yethula izinhlelo zokushayela izimoto eNyakatho Melika, e-Europe nase-Asia ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe bebhethri ezimotweni zikagesi, kodwa leli bhethri le-polymer alikaze lamukelwe kabanzi ezimotweni zabagibeli. Isici esisodwa esinomthelela ekuthathweni kwabo okungekuhle kwezentengiselwano ukuthi zingasetshenziswa kuphela emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu (50°C ku80°C) kanye nobubanzi be-voltage ephansi. Lawa mabhethri manje asetshenziswa ezimotweni zentengiso, njengamabhasi athile asedolobheni. Awekho amacala okusebenza ngamabhethri e-electrolyte e-polymer aqinile ahlanzekile ekamelweni lokushisa (okungukuthi, cishe kuma-25°C).

Isigaba se-semisolid sihlanganisa ama-electrolyte abonakala kakhulu, njengezingxube zokuncibilika kukasawoti, isixazululo se-electrolyte esinokugxiliswa kukasawoti okungaphezu kwesilinganiso esingu-1 mol/L, esinokugxila noma amaphuzu okugcwala afinyelela ku-4 mol/L. Ukukhathazeka ngezingxube ze-electrolyte ezigxilisiwe wukuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kukasawoti we-fluorinated, okubuye kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-lithium nomthelela wemvelo walawo ma-electrolyte. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo osekhulile kudinga ukuhlaziya okuphelele komjikelezo wempilo. Futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa zama-electrolyte asemi-solid alungisiwe nazo kudingeka zibe lula futhi zitholakale kalula ukuze zihlanganiswe kalula ezimotweni zikagesi.

Ama-electrolyte ayi-hybrid

Ama-electrolyte ayiHybrid, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-electrolyte axubile, angashintshwa ngokusekelwe kuma-electrolyte ayingxube ye-aqueous/organic solvent hybrid noma ngokwengeza isixazululo se-electrolyte ewuketshezi olungenamanzi ku-electrolyte eqinile, kucatshangelwa ukwenziwa kanye nokwanda kwama-electrolyte aqinile kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe bokunqwabelanisa. Kodwa-ke, ama-electrolyte ayi-hybrid anjalo asesesigabeni socwaningo futhi azikho izibonelo zezohwebo.

Ukucatshangelwa kokuthuthukiswa kwezentengiselwano kwama-electrolyte

Izinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu zama-electrolyte aqinile ukuphepha okuphezulu nokuphila komjikelezo omude, kodwa amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele acatshangelwe ngokucophelela lapho kuhlolwa olunye uketshezi noma ama-electrolyte aqinile:

  • Inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nomklamo wesistimu we-electrolyte eqinile. Amabhethri egeji yaselabhorethri ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izinhlayiya eziqinile ze-electrolyte ezinama-microns angamakhulu ambalwa agqinsiwe, ambozwe ohlangothini olulodwa lwama-electrode. Lawa maseli amancane aqinile awameleli ukusebenza okudingekile kumaseli amakhulu (10 kuya ku-100Ah), njengoba umthamo we-10~100Ah kuwukucaciswa okuncane okudingekayo kumabhethri wamanje wamandla.
  • I-electrolyte eqinile nayo ithatha indawo yendima ye-diaphragm. Njengoba isisindo nokuqina kwayo kungaphezu kwe-PP/PE diaphragm, kufanele ilungiswe ukuze kuzuzwe ukuminyana kwesisindo.350Wh/kgkanye nokuminyana kwamandla900Wh/L ukuze kugwenywe ukukhinyabeza ukuthengiswa kwayo.

Ibhethri lihlala liyingozi yokuphepha ngezinga elithile. Ama-electrolyte aqinile, nakuba ephephile kunoketshezi, awakwazi ukuvutha. Amanye ama-polymer nama-electrolyte angaphili angasabelana nomoya-mpilo noma amanzi, akhiqize ukushisa namagesi anobuthi nawo abangele ingozi yomlilo nokuqhuma. Ngaphezu kwamaseli angawodwa, amapulasitiki, amakesi nezinto zokupakisha kungabangela ukusha okungalawuleki. Ngakho ekugcineni, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokuphepha kwesistimu kuyadingeka.

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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-14-2023