Inkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu ingase iphazamise ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi emhlabeni wonke
ULwandle Olubomvuinkinga ingase iphazamise ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi emhlabeni wonke,
ULwandle Olubomvu,
▍Iyini i-cTUVus & ne-ETL CERTIFICATION?
I-OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), exhumene ne-US DOL (Umnyango Wezabasebenzi), ifuna ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ezosetshenziswa emsebenzini kufanele ihlolwe futhi iqinisekiswe yi-NRTL ngaphambi kokuba idayiswe emakethe. Amazinga okuhlola asebenzayo ahlanganisa amazinga e-American National Standards Institute (ANSI); Amazinga e-American Society for Testing Material (ASTM), amazinga e-Underwriter Laboratory (UL), kanye namazinga enhlangano yokuqaphela mutual yefekthri.
▍OSHA, NRTL, cTUVus, ETL kanye nencazelo yamagama e-UL kanye nobudlelwano
OSHA:Isifinyezo Sokuphepha Kwasemsebenzini Nokuphathwa Kwezempilo. Kuyinhlangano ehlangene ye-US DOL (Umnyango Wezabasebenzi).
I-NRTL:Isifinyezo Selabhorethri Yokuhlola Eyaziwa Kuzwelonke. Iphethe ukugunyazwa kwelebhu. Kuze kube manje, kunezikhungo zokuhlola ezivela eceleni eziyi-18 ezigunyazwe yi-NRTL, okuhlanganisa i-TUV, ITS, MET njalonjalo.
cTUVus:Uphawu lwesitifiketi se-TUVRh eNyakatho Melika.
I-ETL:Isifinyezo se-American Electrical Testing Laboratory. Yasungulwa ngo-1896 ngu-Albert Einstein, umsunguli waseMelika.
UL:Ukulinganisa kwenkampani Underwriter Laboratories Inc.
▍Umehluko phakathi kwe-cTUVus, i-ETL ne-UL
| Into | UL | cTUVus | I-ETL |
| Kusetshenziswe okujwayelekile | Ngokufanayo | ||
| Isikhungo esifanelekile ukuthola irisidi yesitifiketi | I-NRTL (ilabhorethri egunyazwe kuzwelonke) | ||
| Imakethe esetshenziswayo | I-North America (US ne-Canada) | ||
| Isikhungo sokuhlola nezitifiketi | I-Underwriter Laboratory (China) Inc yenza ukuhlola futhi ikhiphe incwadi yesiphetho sephrojekthi | I-MCM yenza ukuhlola bese ikhipha isitifiketi se-TUV | I-MCM yenza ukuhlola bese ikhipha isitifiketi se-TUV |
| Isikhathi esiholayo | 5-12W | 2-3W | 2-3W |
| Izindleko zesicelo | Okuphezulu kontanga | Cishe u-50~60% wezindleko ze-UL | Cishe u-60~70% wezindleko ze-UL |
| Inzuzo | Isikhungo sendawo saseMelika esiqashelwa kahle e-US naseCanada | Isikhungo samazwe ngamazwe siphethe igunya futhi sinikeza amanani aphusile, futhi angaqashelwa yiNyakatho Melika | Isikhungo saseMelika esiqashelwa kahle eNyakatho Melika |
| Ububi |
| Ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo okungaphansi kwalokho kwe-UL | Ukuqashelwa okungaphansi kwalokho kwe-UL ekuqinisekisweni kwengxenye yomkhiqizo |
▍Kungani i-MCM?
● Ukusekelwa Okuthambile okuvela kuziqu nobuchwepheshe:Njengelebhu yokuhlola yofakazi ye-TUVRH kanye ne-ITS kusitifiketi saseNyakatho Melika, i-MCM iyakwazi ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokuhlola futhi inikeze isevisi engcono ngokushintshisana ngobuchwepheshe ubuso nobuso.
● Usekelo oluqinile oluvela kubuchwepheshe:I-MCM ifakwe zonke izinto zokuhlola amabhethri amaphrojekthi amakhulu, amancane futhi anembayo (okungukuthi imoto ephathwayo esebenza ngogesi, amandla okugcina, kanye nemikhiqizo yedijithali), ekwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhlola ibhethri kanye nezitifiketi eNyakatho Melika, ezihlanganisa izindinganiso. UL2580, UL1973, UL2271, UL1642, UL2054 njalonjalo.
IULwandle Olubomvuukuphela kwendlela yemikhumbi yokuhamba phakathi kolwandle i-Atlantic kanye ne-Indian Ocean. Itholakala lapho kuhlangana khona amazwekazi amabili ase-Asia nase-Afrika. Umkhawulo wayo oseningizimu uxhuma uLwandle i-Arabian kanye noLwandlekazi i-Indian ngokusebenzisa i-Bab el-Mandeb Strait, kanti ukuphela kwayo enyakatho kuxhuma noLwandle iMedithera kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean ngokusebenzisa iSuez Canal. Umzila onqamula i-Bab el-Mandeb Strait, uLwandle Olubomvu kanye ne-Suez Canal ungomunye wemizila yemikhumbi ematasa kakhulu emhlabeni. I-Suez Canal kufanele okwamanje ibe umthambo omkhulu wezokuthutha emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi lapho iPanama Canal okwamanje ibhekene nokuntuleka okukhulu kwamanzi kanye nokunciphisa umthamo wokuzulazula. Njengomzila omkhulu wokuzulazula wemizila yase-Asia-Europe, Asia-Mediterranean, kanye ne-Asia-Eastern United States, i-Suez Canal, umthelela wayo ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke nasekuthumeleni ngomkhumbi ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-Neue Zürcher Zeitung, cishe u-12% wezimpahla zokuthutha zomhlaba zidlula oLwandle Olubomvu kanye ne-Suez Canal.
Selokhu kwaqubuka umjikelezo omusha wokungqubuzana kwe-Palestine-Israel, amabutho ahlomile ase-Yemen aseHouthi avame ukuhlasela u-Israyeli nge-missile kanye ne-drone ngesizathu "sokusekela i-Palestine" futhi elokhu ehlasela imikhumbi "ehlangene ne-Israel" oLwandle Olubomvu. Ngenxa yezindaba ezivame ukwanda zemikhumbi yezentengiselwano ehlaselwa eduze kwe-Red Sea-Mandeb Strait, iziqhwaga eziningi zemikhumbi emhlabeni wonke - iSwitzerland Mediterranean, iDanish Maersk, iFrench CMA CGM, iGerman Hapag-Lloyd, njll. zimemezele ukugwema iRed Umzila wasolwandle. Kusukela ngomhla ka-18 Disemba 2023, izinkampani ezinhlanu ezihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele zemikhumbi zimemezele ukumiswa kokuhamba ngomkhumbi ku-Red Sea-Suez waterway. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-COSCO, i-Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) kanye ne-Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) baphinde bathi imikhumbi yabo yamabhokisi izomisa ukuhamba emanzini oLwandle Olubomvu. Kuleli qophelo, izinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba ezithumela amakhonteyina seziqalile noma sezizomisa ukuhamba ngomkhumbi emzileni we-Red Sea-Suez.
Inkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu ikhawulele ukubhukha kuyo yonke imizila eya ngasentshonalanga e-East Asia, okuhlanganisa ukuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi, uLwandle Olubomvu, eNyakatho Afrika, uLwandle Olumnyama, empumalanga yeMedithera, entshonalanga yeMedithera nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu.
